大叶藻生殖枝的室内离体培养及种子早期发育研究

Studies on reproductive shoots cultivated in vitro and the early development of seeds of Zostera marina L.

关键词:  大叶藻  生殖枝  种子  幼苗  离体培养

Key words:  Zostera marina L．  Flowering shoots  Seed  Seeding  Cultivation in vitro

摘要:

对大叶藻不同生长状态的生殖枝进行离体培养，探究室内暂养大叶藻离体生殖枝获取成熟种子的可行性，观察并描述了大叶藻离体生殖枝的开花、传粉、种子成熟、种子萌发、幼苗发育的动态过程以及大叶藻生殖枝、成熟种子、胚的解剖结构。实验结果表明，大叶藻生殖枝的结构对海水环境是高度适应的；花柱的形态变化是大叶藻开花过程的显著特点；大叶藻种子胚的结构较特殊，“U”型子叶包裹胚根、胚芽、胚轴，这导致了其特有的萌发过程；为了不错失种子收集良机，在不了解某地区大叶藻物候特性时，提前采收生殖枝并进行室内培养，是一种获取大叶藻种子的有效方法。

Abstract:

The reproductive shoots of Zostera marina L. in different growth state was cultivated in vitro to study the feasibility of harvesting seeds by temporary cultivation of reproductive shoots. The process of flowering, pollination, fruiting, seed germination, seedling development and the anatomical structure of reproductive shoot, mature seed, seed embryo were observed and described. It was found that the structure of reproductive shoots were highly adaptive to the water environment. Their morphological changes were the outstanding feature during flowering. The seeds of Z. marina has special embryo structure with the radicle, plumule and hypocotyl wrapped by the U-shaped cotyledon, which led to a characteristic germination process. These results indicated the feasibility of collecting seeds by cultivating in vitro the reproductive shoots, where no data on phenological characteristics of Z. marina are available.