虾夷扇贝对牙鲆的粪便、残饵及网箱养殖区沉积物的摄食

Feeding on feces,diets and cage farming sediments of Paralichthys olivaceus by Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

关键词:  总颗粒物  有机物含量  摄食行为  虾夷扇贝  多营养层次的综合养殖

Key words:  Total particulate matter  Organic content  Feeding behavior  Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis  Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture

摘要:

采用室内静水法，研究了虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus残饵、鱼类粪便、鱼类养殖网箱沉积物及微藻的摄食行为，分析了基于虾夷扇贝的鱼＋贝多营养层次的综合养殖（IMTA）模式的可能性。研究结果显示，虾夷扇贝对鱼粪、残饵及鱼类养殖网箱沉积物都可摄食，但对微藻的滤水率和摄食率最高，显著高于其他实验组(ANOVA, P<0.01)；微藻组、残饵组和鱼粪组之间的吸收效率没有显著性差异，但都显著高于沉积物组。吸收效率（AE）与有机物比率（f）呈正相关关系：AE(％)＝38.84lnf+72.7 (R2=0.378)；对有机物的吸收率（AR）与有机物浓度（POM）呈线性正相关关系：AR＝0.118×POM-0.555 (R2=0.329)。假粪产生时颗粒物TPM浓度的阈值为24.09mg/L。

Abstract:

Static method was employed to study feeding behaviors of Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis feeding on different food such as flounder Paralichthys olivaceus feces, residual feed, sediment particulates and microalgae.Clearance rate and ingestion rate on microalgae were significantly higher than the other three experimental groups (ANOVA, P<0.01). Absorption efficiencies (AE) among microalgae, fish feces and residual feed were not significantly different, but they were significantly higher than that on sediment particulates. There was a positive correlation between AE and organic content (f): AE(％)＝38.84lnf+72.7 (R2=0.378); The linear relationship between absorption rate (AR) and particulate organic matter (POM) was described as: AR＝0.118×POM-0.555 (R2=0.329). Total particulate matter (TPM) threshold for pseudo-feces production was 24.09 mg/L, and the scallop could regulate food intake by pseudo-feces production. Based on the research results,the potential Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)of shellfish and fish was proposed.