鱼类表型组学的发展、现状与挑战*

Fish Phenomics Research: The History, State-of-art and Challenges

中文关键词: 鱼类  表型组学  传感器  高通量表型获取  联合分析

英文关键词: Fish, Phenomics, Sensors, High  throughput phenotyping, Integrated  analysis

中文摘要:

      鱼类表型组学是在基因组水平上系统研究鱼类表型信息的学科,通过对鱼类表型特征、基因组信息及环境条件之间的联合分析,揭示鱼类应对环境变化的响应及适应机制,可为鱼类的养殖生产实践提供有价值的信息和指标。将鱼类表型组学与基因组学相结合是提高养殖鱼类选择育种效率的有效途径。相较于基因组学研究的快速发展,鱼类表型组学发展相对滞后。由于鱼类特殊的水生环境、较高的养殖密度以及较强的运动能力,导致目前对鱼类表型数据的获取仍存在困难,加之研究群体规模的不断扩大,鱼类表型数据的高通量精准获取和分析更加难以实现,已成为限制鱼类表型组学研究发展的瓶颈。近年来,传感器技术和人工智能的发展为鱼类表型组提供了高通量、无损且精确的研究方案,可显著提高鱼类表型的分型效率,成为解决这一瓶颈问题的有效方法。本文综述了表型组研究的发展历程,提出了鱼类表型组学的研究策略,整理了鱼类表型组的研究现状、鱼类表型组数据获取的主流方法、最后提出了鱼类表型组学研究存在的问题及其应用前景,以期丰富对鱼类表型组学研究的认知,为提升鱼类遗传育种效率提供有价值的参考。

英文摘要:

      Fish phenomics research is a science that systematically studies phenotypes of fish at the genomic level. Through the integrated analysis of fish phenotypic characteristics, genome and environmental conditions, fish phenomics would decipher the response and adaptation mechanism of fish to the environment, which could provide valuable information and indicators for fish farming. The practice of combine fish phenomics and genomics analysis has significant potential for increasing the efficiency of fish breeding. Nevertheless, compared with the rapid development of genomics research, the development of fish phenomics is relatively lagging behind. Owing to the special aquatic environment, high breeding density, strong swimming ability of fish, it is still difficult to acquire the phenotypes of fish in an accurate way. In addition, with the expansion of the research population, the high-throughput and accurate acquisition and analysis of fish phenotypes in the large scale is more difficult to achieve, which has become one of the major bottlenecks hindering the fish phenomics research. Recent advances in novel technologies, including sensor technology and artificial intelligence, provide us potential solutions to resolve this bottleneck and to improve the efficiency of fish phenotyping in high-throughput, non-invasive and accurate methods. In this article, we described an overview of phenomics research development history. We then proposed the strategies, introduced the high-throughput phenotyping approaches and current status in fish phenomics research. Finally, we propose the challenges and provide our perspective on fish phenomics research. This review takes fish as the main research object, covering the current mainstream methods and research progress of fish phenomics research, aiming to enrich the understanding of fish phenomics research. The summary will provide aquaculture researchers and fish famers with updated information and valuable reference for subsequent research and practice in the field of fish phenomics.