喂饲仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)性腺对小鼠抗疲劳功能调节作用的研究

Effects of feeding Apostichopus japonicus gonads on anti-fatigue function of mice

中文关键词: 仿刺参  性腺  抗疲劳  小鼠实验

英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus  gonads  anti-fatigue  mice experiments

中文摘要:

      为探讨仿刺参混合性腺的抗疲劳功效，以仿刺参雌雄混合性腺为研究对象，采用国标等方法对其蛋白质、脂质和多糖含量进行检测，随后选择健康雄性昆明小鼠连续灌胃4周后，进行负重力竭游泳实验，并建立疲劳模型，计算小鼠游泳时长、检测小鼠血清及肝脏组织相关指标。研究显示，仿刺参性腺富含多种营养物质，其中蛋白质含量最高，达（56.76±0.04）g/100g，脂质含量为（14.65±0.13）g/100g，多糖含量为（5.35±0.16）g/100g。从小鼠负重力竭游泳时间来看，与空白组相比，饲喂仿刺参性腺显著提升小鼠的运动耐力，延长了其负重游泳时间（P<0.05）。从血清指标来看，与空白组相比，饲喂仿刺参性腺的小鼠血清中尿素氮（BUN）、乳酸（LA）含量显著降低（P<0.05），表明仿刺参性腺有助于减少蛋白质分解代谢，降低运动小鼠体内LA的含量，缓解或者消除小鼠体内的LA堆积，从而起到抗疲劳的效果。此外，饲喂仿刺参性腺的小鼠血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量以及肌酸激酶（CK）活力显著降低（P<0.05），表明仿刺参性腺有助于清除小鼠体内自由基，保护细胞不受损伤，从而缓解疲劳。同时，小鼠血清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力也有所降低，进一步证实了其抗疲劳效果。从肝脏指标来看，喂饲仿刺参性腺的小鼠肝脏中MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力显著升高（P<0.05），表明仿刺参性腺能增强机体的抗氧化能力，通过减少氧化应激损伤进而缓解疲劳。综上所述，仿刺参性腺具有良好的抗疲劳能力，通过降低小鼠体内疲劳相关代谢产物的含量，有效缓解了小鼠的疲劳状态；同时提高了抗氧化相关酶的活力，通过减少氧化应激损伤缓解疲劳。本研究为仿刺参性腺的高值化利用提供了科学依据同时也为抗疲劳产品的研发开辟了新思路。

英文摘要:

      With the accelerated pace of society, fatigue has become a common health problem affecting people of different ages. Apostichopus japonicus, as the only sea cucumber species cultured on large-scale, has seen a rapid expansion of its aquaculture and processing industry in recent years. However, about 30% by-products are generated during processing, which was low utilization resulting in waste of resources. Previous studies have showed that A. japonicus gonads are rich in protein, lipid, polysaccharide, and other nutrients. Currently, the research about its activity mainly focuses on antioxidant, immune-regulating and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, etc. But there are fewer studies on its anti-fatigue efficacy. Therefore, this study aims to verify the fatigue-relieving efficacy of A. japonicus gonads. To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of A. japonicus gonads, the basic nutritional composition of the A. japonicus gonads were determined by using national standard methods, and then healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank and dose groups,and performed weight-bearing exhaustion swimming experiments after continuous gavage for 4 weeks, the fatigue model was established to calculate the time of the swimming, and examine the relevant indexes of serum and liver tissues of the mice. The results showed that A. japonicus gonads are rich in various nutrients, with the highest amount of protein at (56.76±0.04) g/100 g. Lipid were the second highest at (14.65±0.13) g/100 g, which provides the necessary energy for the fertilization of the egg. In addition, A. japonicus gonads contain a certain amount of polysaccharides at (5.35±0.16) g/100g, which have significant effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activity. Mice experiments shows that A. japonicus gonads have no significant effect on the weight gain of mice by comparing the weight changes of blank and dose groups. However, when the liver weight and liver index of mice were further analyzed, it was found that there was an increase in the liver weight and index of dose group. Yet, there was no significant difference compared with blank group, which might be related to the fact that A. japonicus gonads reduced the degree of hepatocyte damage and promoted hepatic glycogen storage. In order to assess the effect of A. japonicus gonads on the exercise endurance of mice, a forced weight-bearing swimming test was used. Results showed that the mice of dose group swam significantly longer than those in the blank group, suggesting that A. japonicus had the effect of increasing endurance level and anti-fatigue effect on mice. This finding was consistent with previous studies. Further analysis of the serum-related indexes revealed that urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactic acid (LA) were significantly reduced after feeding A. japonicus gonads, which might be related to the involvement in energy metabolism and reduction of protein catabolism. The reduction of LA content in the body of the exercising mice, which might alleviate or eliminate the LA accumulation in the mice. Also, A. japonicus gonads significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity, and increased the activity of antioxidant -related enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). These changes indicated that A. japonicus gonads had good antioxidant capacity, which could effectively slow down or eliminate the oxidative stress damage of the organism, thereby alleviating the occurrence of fatigue. In the liver-related index test, the MDA content in the livers of mice was significantly reduced after feeding A. japonicus gonads, while the activities of SOD, GSH and CAT were significantly increased. This results further confirmed its antioxidant capacity and anti-fatigue effect However, the anti-fatigue mechanism of A. japonicus gonads still needed to further verify through cellular and molecular experiments. The above research results proved that A. japonicus gonads had high nutritional value, which was suitable for the development of functional and nutritionally enhanced products. Combined with the relevant provisions of Procedures and Test Methods for Functional Evaluation of Health Food, it is shown that A. japonicus had a good anti-fatigue ability, which effectively alleviated the fatigue state of mice by reducing the content of fatigue-related metabolites. It also could improve the vitality of antioxidant-related enzymes, which alleviated fatigue by reducing the oxidative stress damage. This study could provide a scientific basis for the high-value utilization of A. japonicus gonads and a new idea for the development of anti-fatigue related health food.