基于eDNA技术与传统调查方法的万泉河鱼类多样性的比较研究

A comparative study of fish diversity in Wanquan River based on eDNA technology and traditional survey methods

中文关键词: 环境DNA  万泉河  鱼类多样性

英文关键词: environmental DNA  Wanquan River  Fish diversity

中文摘要:

      万泉河是海南岛重要的河流之一，拥有丰富的鱼类资源。为探究万泉河流域鱼类多样性及群落结构特征，本研究采用环境DNA（environmental DNA, eDNA）技术，结合传统形态学调查方法进行对比分析，探讨eDNA技术与传统形态学调查方法在鱼类监测方面的优势。结果表明：通过eDNA技术共检测到6目32科65属76种鱼类；传统形态学调查共获得4目14科44属44种。两种方法共同检测到的鱼类有19种，总体上eDNA在所有采样点检测出的鱼类物种均比传统调查方法多。两种方法检测的鱼类中均以鲤形目（Cypriniformes）为主、其次是鲈形目（Perciformes）和鲇形目（Siluriformes）。本研究表明eDNA技术应用在海南万泉河流域的鱼类资源监测中具有可行性，该技术是对传统鱼类调查方法的重要补充，可为万泉河鱼类资源保护提供基础数据和技术参考。

英文摘要:

      Wanquan River is one of the most important rivers in Hainan Island, which has abundant fish resources. In order to investigate the diversity and community structure of fish in the Wanquan River, environmental DNA (eDNA) technology and traditional morphological survey method were conducted for comparative analysis. The results showed that a total of 76 species of fishes belonging to 6 orders, 32 families and 65 genera were detected by eDNA technology, while 44 species belonging to 4 orders, 14 families and 44 genera were obtained by traditional morphological survey. Nineteen common species of fish were detected by both methods, and eDNA detected more fish species than the traditional survey method at all sampling sites. Cypriniformes were found to be dominant in both methods, followed by Perciformes and Siluriformes. This study demonstrated the feasibility of eDNA technology in monitoring fish resources in the Wanquan River of Hainan, which is an important supplement to the traditional fish survey methods, and can provide basic data and technical references for the conservation of fish resources in the Wanquan River.