| Pyropia kinositae is an ideal candidate for offshore cultivation of laver, but there is room for improvement in seedling breeding techniques. Light serves as a crucial energy source and regulatory signal for algal growth and development. However, research on the role of light quality in regulating the growth and development of laver is still scarce. This study extensively investigated the effects of different light qualities (red, green, blue, and white light) on the vegetative conchocelis, the transition from vegetative conchocelis to conchosporangial phase, formation of bipartite cells in conchosporangia, and conchospore release of P. kinositae. We also examined the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of conchocelis under different light qualities. The results showed that the relative growth rate of conchocelis under blue light was significantly higher than that under other light qualities, indicating that blue light is more suitable for the expansion of vegetative conchocelis. Under blue light, the actual quantum yield [Y(Ⅱ)], the maximum electron transport rate (rETRmax), and the minimum saturating irradiance (Ek) of conchocelis, as well as the maximal quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of conchospores, were significantly higher than those under other light qualities. This suggests that blue light significantly enhances the photosynthetic efficiency of conchocelis, and improves the electron transfer activity and phototolerance of conchocelis under high light conditions. In contrast, Y(Ⅱ) and rETRmax of conchocelis under red light were significantly lower than those under other light qualities. Under blue light, the conversion rate of conchocelis to conchospores(48.7%) and the rate of bipartite cells in conchosporangia formation(26.7%) were significantly higher than those under other light qualities, indicating that blue light significantly promotes the synchronous maturation of conchocelis, followed by white and green light, while red light has a poorer effect. When inducing the conchospore release from conchocelis with consistent maturity (similar rates of bipartite cells in conchosporangia formation), there was no significant difference in the early release of conchospores under white, red, and green light, but it significantly increased under blue light, indicating that blue light promotes the release of bipartite cells. The germination rate of conchospores under red and green light was low (<10%), while under blue light, it was significantly higher (>80%) than that under other light qualities. These results provide preliminary insights into the light quality conditions and photosynthetic physiological basis for promoting the growth, maturation, and dispersal of P. kinositae conchocelis and conchospores, offering theoretical support for the light environment regulation in seedling production. |
