基于宏基因组学的中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘水体微生物群落结构和功能组成分析

Metagenomics-based analysis of microbial community structure and function composition in aquaculture pond for Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

中文关键词: 养殖塘  中华绒螯蟹  宏基因组学  微生物群落  功能  环境因子

英文关键词: Aquaculture pond  Chinese mitten crab  Metagenomics  Microbial communities  Functions  Environmental factors

中文摘要:

      养殖水体中的微生物群落结构及功能组成对养殖生态系统具有重要作用。为了全面系统评估中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖中后期水体微生物群落结构和功能组成，于2022年6―10月逐月监测上海市崇明区中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘内水质指标，同时基于宏基因组学技术分析了养殖期内水体中微生物物种组成及功能结构特征，并探讨了二者与环境因子的关系。结果显示，该养殖池塘在养殖中后期主要超标水质指标为pH、高锰酸盐指数、总磷和总氮。在养殖期水体中，6―8月的微生物群落多样性以及7―8月的微生物群落丰富度处于较高水平，优势门为细菌中的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和病毒中的尾噬菌体门(Uroviricota)，而在属水平上，丰度占比前10的优势属在多组之间均存在显著差异，如7月蓝藻门微囊藻属(Microcystis)细菌和8―10月的有尾噬菌体目(unclassified_o_Caudovirales)病毒丰度明显高于其他月份。微生物的主要功能为代谢功能包括能量代谢、全局和概览图、氨基酸代谢等，不同月份的功能组成存在显著差异，尤其是6―7月代谢途径丰度明显高于8―10月，而优势细菌变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门是上述功能的主要贡献者。环境因子对微生物群落结构和功能组成的影响趋势一致，叶绿素a和pH是影响最显著的环境因子，溶解氧、总磷的影响作用稍弱。在养殖水体中，丰度占比较大的致病菌为肠道沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica)、爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)。研究结果可为中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘水体微生物群落结构和功能组成研究提供基础数据，并可为养殖水质调控及生态系统构建提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

      The structure and function of microbial communities in aquaculture water bodies are important in the aquaculture ecosystem. To comprehensively and systematically evaluate the structure and functional composition of the microbial community in the water during Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) cultivation, the water quality indicators in the crab pond in Chongming District, Shanghai were monitored monthly from June to October 2022. The microbial species and functional structural characteristics in the water environment during the breeding period were analyzed based on metagenomics technology, and their relationships with environmental factors were discussed. The results showed that the major water quality indicators that exceeded the standard in the breeding pond were pH, permanganate index, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen. During the breeding period, the diversity of the microbial community in the water body from June to August and the richness of the microbial community from July to August were high, and the dominant microbial phyla in the water body were mainly Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, and Uroviricota. At the genus level, the top 10 dominant genera regarding abundance were significantly different among multiple groups. For example, the abundances of Microcystis bacteria in July and unclassified_o_Caudovirales viruses in August–October were significantly higher than those in other months. The primary function of microorganisms is metabolism, including energy metabolism, global and overview maps, and amino acid metabolism. Notable differences are present in the functional composition of different months; particularly, the abundance of metabolic pathways in June–July was significantly higher than that in August–October, and the dominant bacteria (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) were major contributors to the aforementioned functions. The influence trends of environmental factors on the structure and functional composition of microbial communities were consistent. Chlorophyll a and pH had the most significant impact on the structure and functional composition of microbial communities, whereas dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus had a slightly weaker impact. The pathogenic bacteria with a relatively large abundance in aquaculture water bodies are Salmonella enterica, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Staphylococcus aureus. The research results provide basic data for the study of microbial community structure and functional composition in water bodies of Chinese mitten crab breeding ponds and can provide a theoretical basis for aquaculture water quality control and ecosystem construction.