绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构观察

Observation of the skin histology of Thamnaconus septentrionalis

中文关键词: 绿鳍马面鲀  鱼皮  组织结构

英文关键词: Thamnaconus septentrionalis  Fish skin  Histological structure

中文摘要:

      采用冰冻切片、组织学染色及扫描电镜的方法对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)鱼皮组织结构进行研究。结果显示，绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮由表皮层、鳞片层、真皮层和皮下组织层构成，并据此绘制绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构模式图。表皮层由上皮细胞和基底细胞组成，其厚度为(26.81±7.48) μm；鳞片层由锥状骨质凸起和基板组成，基板厚度为(22.49±5.19) μm，基板上不均匀地分布2~4行直径大小不一、顶端弯曲程度不同、高度为(257.13±10.41) μm的锥状骨质凸起；真皮层厚度为中部>头部>尾部，平均厚度为(176.97±21.11) μm，主要由胶原纤维构成；皮下组织层主要由胶原纤维和非纤维间质构成。本研究可为开发利用绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮资源提供基础资料。

英文摘要:

      Fish skin is a multipurpose tissue with important functions—protection, perception, and hormone metabolism—in the fish body. As a byproduct of fish processing, it can be used as a material for extracting collagen, making leather, and related pathological research. However, there have been few reports on the tissue structure of fish skin. This study aimed to analyze the structural characteristics of Thamnaconus septentrionalis fish skin in order to provide a reference for the utilization of its resources. Six T. septentrionalis samples were selected and their skins were observed using frozen sectioning, skeletal, hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Masson, Van Gieson (VG) staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The images obtained by slice scanning were analyzed using SlideViewer (3DHISTECH), ImageJ, and Photoshop software. The SEM images were analyzed using ImageJ and Photoshop software. SPSS25.0 software was used to analyze the data of epidermal and squamous layers, conical bone bulge, basal layer, and dermis thicknesses. The results showed that the histological structure of the skin comprised four parts: epidermis, scale layer, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The thickness of the epidermal layer was (26.81±7.48) μm. This layer was mainly composed of epithelial and basal cells but also contained a large number of mucus cells. The scale layer consisted of the spine of conical bone and a substrate. The thickness of this layer was (22.49±5.19) μm, and there were two to four rows of the spine of conical bone with different diameters, different bending degrees at the top, and a height of (257.13±10.41) μm unevenly distributed on the base plate. The average thickness of the dermis was (176.97±21.11) μm, and the dermis thickness of the head was lower than that of the middle part of the body, but higher than that of the tail, mainly composed of collagen fiber. The subcutaneous tissue layer was mainly comprised of collagen fibers and non-fibrous stroma. In this study, the histological pattern of the skin of T. septentrionalis was mapped according to its characteristics, providing valuable information for fish skin resource usage.