蟋蟀粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉氨基酸组成和血清生化指标的影响

Effects of the replacement of fish meal with cricket meal on growth, muscle amino acid composition, and serum biochemical indices of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

中文关键词: 黄颡鱼  蟋蟀粉  生长性能  肌肉成分  血清生化指标

英文关键词: Pelteobagrus fulvidraco  Cricket meal  Growth performance  Muscle composition  Serum biochemical indices

中文摘要:

      为研究蟋蟀(Gryllus bimaculatus)粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长性能、肌肉成分和血清生化指标的影响，以黄颡鱼幼鱼[(2.0±0.13) g]为研究对象，分别使用蟋蟀粉替代0 (对照组)、15%、30%、45%和60%的鱼粉配制成5组等氮等能的实验饲料，分别记为T0、T15、T30、T45和T60组。实验幼鱼在室内循环水系统进行为期10周的养殖实验。结果显示，随着蟋蟀粉替代量的增加，黄颡鱼幼鱼生长呈先增加后降低的趋势；T30组的终末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)最高，且均显著高于T0组；T30组的饲料系数(FCR)显著低于T0和T15组；T30的肝体比(HSI)显著高于T0和T15，而与T45和T60组无显著差异。与T0组相比，各替代组的脏体比(VSI)、摄食量(FI)、肥满度(CF)和成活率(SR)均无显著差异。黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉必需氨基酸(EAA)含量中，T60组肌肉中精氨酸(Arg)和缬氨酸(Val)含量显著高于T0组；且蟋蟀粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉中的总呈味氨基酸(TFAA)含量均未产生显著影响。T30、T45和T60组血清中的葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于T0组；相反，其总胆固醇(TCHO)含量显著低于T0组。在本研究条件下，蟋蟀粉替代不同比例的鱼粉不影响黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和肌肉氨基酸含量，且能增加血清GLU和降低TCHO含量，以30%的蟋蟀粉替代鱼粉比例能生长最佳，且优于对照组。本研究对揭示蟋蟀粉在黄颡鱼饲料中替代鱼粉应用的可行性、为今后昆虫蛋白源在水产饲料中的开发提供科学依据。

英文摘要:

      In recent years, with the increase of varieties and the expansion of scale in aquaculture, as well as the rapid development of the intensive and industrial aquaculture industry, the demand for fish meal has increased significantly. On the other hand, due to global warming and environmental pollution, marine resources have reduced and the production of high-quality fish meal is gradually decreasing. The soaring prices of fish meal increase the feed cost in the process of aquaculture, severely decrease the economic benefits of aquaculture farmers, greatly limit the use of fish meal in aquatic feed, and hinder the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, it has become an important research subject in the aquatic feed industry to find new fish meal substitutes and reasonably reduce the amount of fish meal in feed. Crickets have high nutrient concentrations (55%–73% crude protein, high unsaturated fatty acid levels, and sufficient essential amino acid (EAA) profiles). For cricket meal, as one of the new high-quality insect protein sources, the crude protein concentration is comparable to that of fish meal. Recent studies have shown that cricket meal can replace part of fish meal, and have achieved good results in Clarias gariepinus, Micropterus salmoides, and other aquatic animals. However, the application of cricket meal as a substitute for fish meal in the diets of yellow catfish has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects on the growth performance, muscle composition, and serum biochemical indexes of yellow catfish by replacing different proportions of fish meal in the diets with cricket meal. The aim was to explore the feasibility of replacing fish meal in the diets of yellow catfish, and to provide a scientific reference for the future development and application of insect protein sources in aquatic feed. The cricket meal used in this study was a brown powder containing dry matter crude protein content of 63.40%, crude fat content of 15.50%, and crude ash content of 7.36%. Healthy juvenile yellow catfish with an average body weight of (2.0±0.13) g were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates and 30 fish per replicate. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of fish meal protein with cricket meal, named T0, T15, T30, T45, and T60 groups, respectively. The experimental fish were reared in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system for 10 weeks. By measuring growth performance, muscle amino acid content, and serum biochemical parameters, the appropriate replacement level of cricket meal in yellow catfish diets was investigated. The results showed that with increasing cricket meal content, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) of juvenile yellow catfish increased first and then decreased. The growth performance of FBW, WGR, and SGR in the T30 group was the highest and significantly higher than that of FBW, WGR, and SGR in the T0 group (P < 0.05), whereas the feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly lower than that of T0 and T15 groups (P<0.05). The hepatosomatic index in the T30 group was higher than that in the T0 and T15 groups (P<0.05), and there was no difference between the T45 and T60 groups. There were no significant differences in the viscerosomatic index, feed intake, FCR, and survival rate among all groups (P>0.05). The EAA contents of the muscle arginine and valine in the T60 group were significantly higher than those in the T0 group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of total flavor amino acid in muscle among all groups with different proportions of replaced cricket meal (P>0.05). Compared with the T0 group, the content of glucose (GLU) in the serum of the T30, T45, and T60 groups significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas the content of total cholesterol (TCHO) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The activities of the serum superoxide dismutase and catalase in the T30 and T60 groups were significantly higher than those of the T0 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, the growth performance and muscle amino acid composition of juvenile yellow catfish were not affected by replacing fish meal with cricket meal, and serum biochemical parameters and TCHO contents were increased. The optimal growth rate was achieved by replacing fish meal with 30% cricket meal. The results of indicate that cricket meal is an excellent substitute for fish meal and provides a theoretical reference for the application of cricket meal as a partial substitute for fish meal in aquatic animal diets.