海草有性繁殖成花诱因研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects of flowering induction for seagrass sexual reproduction

中文关键词: 海草  有性繁殖  成花诱导  开花途径

英文关键词: Seagrass  Sexual reproduction  Flowering induction  Flowering pathway

中文摘要:

      海草是一类生活在热带至温带浅海、完全适应海洋环境的沉水被子植物的总称。海草床作为连接珊瑚礁与红树林的纽带，具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。近年来，随着人们对海草认识的不断加深，海草的有性繁殖行为逐渐受到关注，而成花诱导是海草从营养生长向生殖生长过渡的重要环节。本文综述了海草有性繁殖中成花诱因的研究进展，探讨了温度、光照、盐度等相关因子对海草成花诱导的影响，分析了海草响应外界环境刺激与内源信号启动开花途径可能集中在光周期途径、春化途径和自发途径上。建议未来海草床保护修复工作应加强对海草有性生殖行为的研究，明确不同海域海草的集中开花和结果时间，对海草床生态系统的修复与保护具有重要意义。

英文摘要:

      Seagrass is a group of flowering plants capable of completing their life cycle in a marine environment. It not only provides a refuge for biodiversity and essential fish spawning and nursery grounds, but also provides ecologically and socioeconomically important services for urban coasts. Seagrass is widely distributed along temperate and tropical coastlines globally. The biodiversity corresponds with differences in the relative importance of sexual (seed production) and asexual (clonal growth) life history strategies in the maintenance of seagrass populations. Sexual reproduction in predominantly clonal marine plants increases recombination favoring adaptation and enhancing species resilience to environmental change. Flowering induction is an important link in the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of seagrasses. Recent studies on seagrasses suggest that flowering intensity and frequency are correlated with global climate change, and the response of seagrasses will be more complex, and potentially more resilient than previously imagined. Seagrass environments are characterized by physical conditions, such as temperature, salinity, currents, waves, turbulence, and light. Each of these parameters has the potential to affect vegetation from the smallest (molecular and physiological) to the largest (ecosystem as well as global) scale. Based on bibliometric methods, this study summarized the development trend of seagrass flowering formation research. The SCIE database of the Web of Science core collection of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was chosen as the retrieval source, and select published international journals were chosen as the research object. With "seagrass flowering" as the search keyword, a total of 300 related publications were retrieved. In terms of the number of relevant publications each year, there was an overall increasing trend, indicating that this topic has gradually received more attention in recent years, which has great research potential. This review summarizes the research progress of flowering inducement in the sexual reproduction of seagrasses and discusses the influence of physical factors on the flowering induction of seagrasses. It was previously thought that the flowering pathway initiated by seagrasses in response to environmental factors and endogenous signals may focus on the photoperiod, vernalization, and spontaneous pathways. However, the sexual reproduction of different species is different, and studying the interaction between seagrasses and their physical environment may improve understanding of the processes that influence their biology. This review focuses on the following aspects: 1) Clarifying the period of concentrated flowering of the seagrass bed, which is conducive to studying the inducement of flowering of seagrass and protecting the seagrass seed bank. 2) Discussing whether more genotypes of seagrass should be introduced for planting in the process of seagrass bed repair to avoid large-scale clonal reproduction of a single genotype of seagrass. 3) How sexual reproduction of seagrasses under adverse environments can be used to indicate changes in the climate and environment. However, existing studies have paid little attention to the sexual reproduction of seagrass beds, and do not consider the sexual reproduction rate as a long-term monitoring indicator. It is suggested that the sexual reproduction rate should be combined with environmental factors in the future long-term monitoring and assessment of the health status of seagrass beds to jointly assess their pressure status.