运输方式对企鹅珍珠贝存活、生长、消化及抗氧化性能的影响探究

The effects of transportation modes on the survival, growth, digestion and antioxidant capacity of Pteria penguin juveniles

中文关键词: 企鹅珍珠贝  稚贝  运输  存活  生长  消化性能  抗氧化能力

英文关键词: Pteria penguin  Juveniles  Transportation  Survival  Growth  Digestive performance  Oxidation resistance

中文摘要:

      为探究运输方式对企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)稚贝存活、生长、消化及抗氧化性能的影响。本研究以企鹅珍珠贝稚贝为研究对象，分别以有水运输和无水运输2种方式进行8 h实地运输。运输后暂养14 d进行观察。结果显示，在恢复期第14天，有水运输和无水运输存活率(SR)分别为(97.00±1.00)%和(82.00±0.71)%；有水运输组的壳长、壳高和体重均显著高于无水运输(P<0.05)；无水运输的皮质醇(COR)含量显著下降；2种运输中淀粉酶活性均呈上升趋势，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降。在恢复期第14天，有水运输组酶活性高于无水运输(P<0.05)；有水运输后，酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOP)活性上升；无水运输后，ACP活性上升，GPT和GOT活性下降；在恢复阶段，有水运输组ACP活性逐渐下降，无水运输组ACP活性呈先下降后上升的趋势，GOP和GPT活性不断上升。研究表明，运输方式会对企鹅珍珠贝稚贝产生不同影响，有水运输相对无水运输可使企鹅珍珠贝稚贝在后期恢复阶段具有更好的存活效果和生长状态，稚贝运输后需一定时间进行生理恢复从而能更好地适应野外养殖环境。

英文摘要:

      At present, the research on the physiological effects of transportation activities on aquatic organisms mainly focuses on fish, crustaceans and echinoderms. There are lacking details for transportation effect on Pteria penguin. In order to explore the effects of transportation modes on the survival, growth, digestion and antioxidant properties of P. penguin juveniles, this study was carried out under the conditions of transportation with water and without water, respectively. The experiments were carried out under the conditions of two modes of transportation with water and without water for 8 hour, respectively. The water temperature was controlled at (20.0±2.0) ℃ for transportation with water, while the temperature in the waterless styrofoam box was controlled at (15.0±3.0) ℃. The culture was temporarily maintained for 14 days after transportation. The breeding conditions and management methods were basically the same before and after transportation. The water temperature was (27.5±1.0) ℃, and the salinity was (31.5±0.5). Every day change 2/3 of the water and feed the mixed algae liquid of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, Chaetoceros muelleri and Platymonas subcordiformis. The survival rates and growth parameters were estimated after 8 h transportation, 7 days and 14 days temporarily maintained, respectively. The P. penguin juveniles were sampled before transportation and used as control group, then juveniles were divided into two experimental groups for transportation with and without water respectively. The juveniles from different experimental groups were randomly sampled after transportation. Then, the juveniles were sampled on the 7th day and 14th day of the recovery period. The activity of amylase (AMS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and the content of cortisol were used as biochemical indicators. The frozen soft tissues were dissected on the ice surface and homogenized on ice in 0.2 mol/L (w/v) ice-cold physiological saline, and the homogenates were centrifuged at 2 500 r/min for 10 min. Take the supernatant for enzyme activity determination, and repeat the determination 3 times for each sample. The results showed that the survival rates with water transport and waterless transport were (98.00±0.57)% and (97.00±1.00)%, respectively. On the 14th day of the recovery period, the survival rates with water transport and waterless transport reached (97.00±1.00)% and (82.00±0.71)%, respectively. Furthermore, after 14 days recovery, the shell length, shell height and body weight of P. penguin in water transport were significantly higher than those in waterless transport (P<0.05), while the content of cortisol level was (1 999.50±10.18) µg/L in the P. penguin transported with water, which was significantly higher than those transported without water [(1 668.46±20.36) µg/L]. The amylase activity after both transports increased, and on the 14th day of the recovery period, the amylase activity after transport with water increased to (1.56±0.08) U/mg prot, which was significantly higher than (1.06±0.04) U/mg prot with transport without water (P<0.05). The activities of GOT and GPT were increased in water transportation, while decreasing in waterless transportation. During the recovery stage, the ACP activity was decreased to (79.56±1.04) U/mg prot at 14th day in water transportation group, while increased to (168.24±3.46) U/mg prot in waterless transportation group. Furthermore, the GOT and GPT activities were trends to increase both in water and waterless transportation, while SOD activity was trend to decrease. The research results show that under certain conditions, water transport and waterless transport can significantly affect the growth, digestion and antioxidant properties of juveniles. Under these two transport modes, the water transport effect and the later physiological recovery are relatively better, with higher survival rate and better growth. After transportation, the body of the P. penguin needs a certain period of time to recover to a normal state, and then can be more adaptive to other adverse environmental factors.