海洋牧场渔业碳汇研究进展

Research progress on fishery carbon sinking associated with marine ranching

中文关键词: 海洋牧场  渔业碳汇  固碳  “双碳”战略

英文关键词: Marine ranching  Fishery carbon sinking  Carbon fixation  Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality

中文摘要:

      海洋通过“溶解度泵”和“生物泵”完成碳汇过程，且具有碳固存容量大、储存时间长的显著优势，可有效缓解CO2排放产生的温室效应，在应对全球气候变化中发挥着不可替代的作用。渔业是人类利用海洋的基础生产活动，对近海碳循环过程具有重要的影响，渔业碳汇是海洋碳汇不可或缺的组成部分。海洋牧场作为一种以水域栖息地修复、水生生物资源养护为主旨的新型渔业模式，通过增殖水生生物资源量，提升生物固碳量，实现渔业对海洋碳汇的扩增。本文针对我国对海洋牧场的界定，梳理了国内外对海洋牧场关键碳汇因子固碳机理及其过程和潜能等方面的研究现状，浅析了海草床、牡蛎礁等典型海洋牧场生态系统在近海碳汇扩增中的重要作用。建议在海洋牧场固碳机理与碳循环过程、海洋牧场碳汇扩增技术和海洋牧场碳汇计量方法等方面开展重点研究，以期为渔业绿色发展，扩增海洋碳汇和服务“双碳”战略提供科学参考。

英文摘要:

      Marine carbon sinking is performed by "solubility pumps" and "biological pumps" and has significant advantages related to its large carbon sequestration capacity and long-time storage characteristics. Therefore, blue carbon can effectively mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by CO2 emissions and play an irreplaceable role in combating global climate change. Fishery is the primary human activity in the ocean economy, which has an important impact on the carbon cycle in inshore waters. Fishery carbon sinking is an indispensable part of blue carbon sequestration. Marine ranching is a healthy and low-carbon fishery model that restores the habitat and conserves aquatic biological resources. Construction of marine ranching could promote the ocean's primary productivity and expand its CO2 sequestration capacity. Moreover, increasing the resources in marine ranching can improve carbon transfer efficiency among different nutrient levels in the food web, accelerating the deposition of particulate organic carbon. In marine ranching, there is no feeding behavior in fishery production, wherein photosynthesis of phytoplankton and large algae provides food for other animals. Shellfish, crustaceans, fish, and other organisms in marine ranching areas rely on plankton, benthos, and fouling organisms for nutrition. Fishing of economically important fishery resources completes the "carbon removal" in seawater, which is one of the typical models of carbon sink fisheries. Therefore, marine ranching construction is an effective new way to expand fishery carbon sink. In this study, the research status on carbon sequestration mechanisms, processes, and potential key factors of the national and international marine ranching carbon sinking was summarized based on the definition of marine ranching in China. The critical roles of seagrass bed, oyster reef, and other typical marine ranching ecosystems were analyzed concerning the inshore carbon sequestration. Fundamental research directions were suggested to further understand the carbon sequestration mechanisms and carbon cycle, and explore amplifying marine ranching technologies such as the carbon accounting method, providing support for the study of marine carbon sinking amplifications and strategies concerning carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China.