莱州湾芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统能量流动及仿刺参生态容量评估

Assessment of ecosystem energy flow and ecological capacity of Apostichopus japonicus in the Furong Island artificial reef, Laizhou Bay

中文关键词: 芙蓉岛  人工鱼礁  Ecopath模型  生态容量

英文关键词: Furong Island  Artificial reef  Ecopath model  Ecological capacity

中文摘要:

      基于2019年莱州湾芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区渔业资源调查数据，利用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6 (EwE 6.6)软件构建了芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统Ecopath模型，系统分析了芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统的能量流动规律和结构特征，估算了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的生态容量。Ecopath模型由16个功能组组成，基本涵盖了芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统能量流动的主要过程。结果发现，生态系统各功能组的营养级范围为1.000~3.978，其中，花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)处于最高营养级；生态系统总转换效率为10.6%，来自初级生产者的转换效率为10.8%，来自碎屑的转换效率为10.1%；生态系统总流量为2 596.108 t/(km2·a)，其中44%来自碎屑；系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.454，连接指数为0.402，系统杂食指数为0.211，Finn´s循环指数和平均路径长度分别为8.860%和2.980。结果表明，芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统成熟度和稳定性较低，食物网结构较简单。根据模型计算得出，仿刺参的生态容量为131 t/km2，是现存量的6.55倍，具有较大的增殖潜力。

英文摘要:

      The fishery resources in the Furong Island, Laizhou Bay artificial reef were investigated in 2019; the energy flows and structure of the ecosystem were modeled, and the ecological capacity of Apostichopus japonicus was estimated using an Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6 (EwE 6.6). The model included 16 functional groups that covered the main processes of energy flows in the Furong Island artificial reef ecosystem. According to the results, the trophic levels of the functional groups varied from 1.000 to 3.978; Lateolabrax maculatus occupied the highest trophic level. The total transfer efficiency was 10.6%, and the proportions of the total flow originating from primary producers and detritus were 10.8% and 10.1%, respectively. The total system throughput was estimated to be 2 596.108 t/(km2·a), with 44% originating from detritus. The ratio between the total primary productivity and the total respiration of the system was 1.454; the connectance index was 0.402; the system omnivory index was 0.211; and the Finn cycling index and Finn mean path length were 8.860% and 2.980, respectively. The results showed that the Furong Island artificial reef ecosystem was at a relatively low maturity and stability level with a relatively simple food web. The ecological capacity of A. japonicus estimated by the model was 131 t/km2, which is 6.55 times the existing stock, indicating its growth potential. According to the actual production situation, the ecological balance of the ecosystem can be maintained with an annual catch of 4.1 t/km2. At present, there are few studies using the Ecopath model to evaluate the ecological consequences or ecological capacities of artificial reefs, in China or abroad, and there is little discussion about fishery management models. More applications and verification on artificial reefs are required. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of ecological consequences of artificial areas and the sustainable utilization of marine ranches.