基于几何形态测量法的剑尖枪乌贼角质颚形态变化研究

Beak morphology variation of Uroteuthis edulis based on geometric morphometrics

中文关键词: 剑尖枪乌贼  角质颚  几何形态测量学  个体发育

英文关键词: Uroteuthis edulis  Beak  Geometric morphometrics  Ontogenetic

中文摘要:

      研究生物体的个体发育有助于充分认识其个体形态变化规律，从而了解生物体结构的功能性与形态间的相关关系。为探究剑尖枪乌贼(Uroteuthis edulis)角质颚的生长变化规律，本研究使用几何形态测量学方法分析了不同性别及发育阶段角质颚大小和形态的差异，并揭示其背后的生态含义。结果显示，剑尖枪乌贼不同性别个体的角质颚大小在发育过程中存在一定差异，雌性个体角质颚大于雄性个体，但不同性别角质颚形态差异不显著(P>0.05)。主成分分析和薄板样条变形网格显示，角质颚形态由未成熟至成熟期呈渐变规律。在发育过程中，上、下颚的头盖和翼部变得更大，脊突更加凸出，颚角夹角逐渐变小；上颚喙部更加尖锐，但下颚喙部逐渐变得迟钝。多元回归分析显示，上颚在未成熟期形态变化较小，在亚成熟期和成熟期变化较大，亚成熟期和成熟期形态变化趋势相似；下颚在未成熟期和亚成熟期形态变化较大，成熟期形态变化较小，发育过程中形态变化趋势差异较大。研究表明，剑尖枪乌贼在发育过程中，角质颚形态随着其个体不断发育呈渐变规律，同时，角质颚存在异速生长现象，可能与剑尖枪乌贼发育过程中的摄食和环境变化有关。

英文摘要:

      The study of ontogenetic organisms can help us fully understand the law of morphology change and the correlation between the function and morphology of the structure of organisms. To explore the pattern of growth change in U. edulis beak, this study used geometric morphometric methods to analyze the differences in beak size and morphology in different sexes and ontogenetic stages, revealing its ecological implications. Results show some differences in the size of different sexes´ beaks of U. edulis in the ontogenetic process; the beak of female individuals is larger than that of male individuals, but the differences in the beak morphology of different sexes were not significant (P>0.05). Principal component analysis and a thin-plate spline deformation mesh show that the beak morphology from immature to mature presents different developmental stages; in the ontogenetic process, the hood and wing of the upper and lower beak become larger, the crest protrudes more, the jaw angle gradually becomes smaller, and the rostrum of the upper beak is sharper; however, the rostrum of the lower beak gradually blunted. The multiple regression analysis shows that the morphology change of the upper beak is small in the immature stage, the morphology change is larger in the maturing and mature stages, the pattern of morphology change in the maturing and mature stages is similar, the morphology change of the lower beak is large in the immature and mature stages, the morphology change is small in the mature stage, and the morphology change trend is significantly different in the ontogenetic process. The beak morphology of U. edulis had different growth patterns during different ontogenetic stages. Beaks also showed an allometric growth, possibly related to the feeding and environmental changes during the ontogenetic stage of U. edulis, helping it to grow and develop.