凡纳滨对虾动态能量收支模型参数的测定

Determining the Parameters of the Dynamic Energy Budget Model of Litopenaeus vannamei

中文关键词: DEB理论  凡纳滨对虾  工厂化  模型参数

英文关键词: DEB theory  Litopenaeus vannamei  Industrialization  Model parameters

中文摘要:

      为更好地掌控工厂化高密度养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的个体动态生长状况，本研究基于动态能量收支(dynamic energy budget, DEB)理论，获取了构建凡纳滨对虾动态能量收支模型的5个必需参数。通过生物学测量得到凡纳滨对虾的体长和湿重，将二者进行转化回归，得到形状系数δm；根据凡纳滨对虾在不同实验温度条件下的单位干重耗氧率，计算得到Arrhenius温度TA的值；根据凡纳滨对虾干重和呼吸耗氧率在饥饿实验中保持稳定时的值，经公式计算得到形成单位体积结构物质所需能量[EG] 、单位体积最大储能[EM]和单位时间单位体积维持耗能率[pM]3个参数。结果显示，凡纳滨对虾的体长和体积呈三次函数关系：V=0.009 3L3.109 4 (R²=0.998 7)，对虾的湿重立方根和体长线性回归所得斜率即为形状系数δm (δm=0.23)。3组不同规格的凡纳滨对虾在22℃~34℃的实验温度范围内与单位干重耗氧率呈正比关系，超过34℃后呈反比关系。在34℃拐点前，单位干重耗氧率的ln值与温度T (热力学温度, K)的倒数呈线性关系，3组回归方程斜率绝对值的平均值为Arrhenius温度TA值(TA=6156 K)。饥饿实验结束后，凡纳滨对虾的干重由初始的(2.36±0.32) g降低至(1.23±0.24) g，有机物含量则从82%降至62%，经公式计算得到[EG]和[EM]的值分别为5826和2211 J/cm3；呼吸耗氧率由初始的0.95 mg/(ind.∙h)稳定至0.58 mg/(ind.∙h)，经公式计算得到[pM]的值为31.47 J/(cm3∙d)。本研究获得的5个必需参数(δm、TA、[EG]、[EM]和[pM])为后续凡纳滨对虾动态能量收支模型的构建奠定了基础，以期为凡纳滨对虾的工厂化高密度养殖提供理论指导。

英文摘要:

      With the breeding technology development and progression of the breeding industry for Litopenaeus vannamei, their breeding has increased across the world, and high-density factory farming has become a new breeding mode for L. vannamei. However, with the scale and density expansion of breeding, there are a series of problems, such as germplasm degradation, water quality deterioration, and the emergence of frequent diseases. However, relevant research is insufficient at this stage in China, the layout of shrimp breeding is unreasonable, and planning is relatively poor, which severely restricts the survival and development of the L. vannamei breeding industry. Therefore, theoretical guidance on breeding capacity improvements is urgently needed. The establishment of a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model, an individual growth model based on the DEB theory to study the relationship between biological and physiological mechanisms and the environment, for L. vannamei, and further establishment of its aquaculture capacity, is of considerable significance for guiding aquaculture management and evaluating aquaculture capacity. Kooijman first proposed the theory of DEB based on the κ principle in 1986, which was used to describe the absorption, storage, and utilization of energy by organisms at the individual level. This indicates that a portion of the assimilated energy is used by organisms to maintain the growth of their own body, and the portion is used for development and reproduction. The DEB model can predict the dynamic growth of specific species´ body length, weight, and gonads at the individual level. Assuming that food and temperature are the main driving forces of biological metabolism, it provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the overall physiological performance of organisms. Therefore, to better control the individual dynamic growth status of the industrialized high-density culture of L. vannamei, this research utilized the DEB theory. With regard to the shrimp DEB model research method, five necessary parameters for constructing the DEB model of L. vannamei were obtained. The body length and wet weight of L. vannamei were obtained through biological measurements, and the shape coefficient (δm) was obtained by transforming and regressing the two values. According to the oxygen consumption rate per dry weight of L. vannamei under different experimental temperature conditions, the Arrhenius temperature (TA ) was calculated. According to the dry weight value of L. vannamei and the respiratory oxygen consumption rate in a starvation experiment, the values of three parameters (volume-specific costs for structure [EG], maximum storage density [EM] and volume-specific maintenance costs per unit of time [pM]) were calculated using the measured energy. The experimental results showed that the body length and volume of L. vannamei exhibited a cubic function relationship as per the statistical analysis: V=0.009 3L3.109 4 (R²=0.998 7), and the linear regression slope of the wet weight cube root and body length of the shrimp is the shape coefficient δm (δm=0.23). Three different experimental groups revealed a positive relationship of the oxygen consumption of L. vannamei per unit dry weight within the experimental temperature range of 22℃~34℃, with an inverse relationship after the temperature exceeded 34℃. Before the inflection point of 34℃, the ln value of the oxygen consumption rate per unit dry weight had a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the temperature T (thermodynamic temperature, K). The average value of the absolute slope values of the three regression equation sets was the Arrhenius temperature (TA) value (TA=6156 K). After the starvation experiment, the dry weight of L. vannamei decreased from the (2.36±0.32) g to (1.23±0.24) g, and the organic matter content decreased from 82% to 62%. The formula calculated the values of [EG] and [EM] were 5826 and 2211 J/cm3 respectively; the respiratory oxygen consumption rate stabilized from the initial 0.95 mg/(ind.∙h) to 0.58 mg/(ind.∙h), The value of [pM] (volume-specific maintenance costs per unit of time) is 31.47 J/(cm3∙d), calculated by the formula. To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the study parameters, samples were collected over the entire growth process, and the values obtained were consistent with those of previous studies, within a reasonable range. Although the accuracy of the five model parameters obtained in this study needs to be improved, they are all effective. The L. vannamei DEB model constructed under optimal food and water temperature conditions is successful, and it simulates the feedback of the growth of L. vannamei to the environment in a detailed manner. The DEB model has been widely used for a variety of marine organisms worldwide; however, there is minimal research on crustaceans, such as shrimp. In this study, five necessary parameters for constructing the DEB model of L. vannamei were obtained through related experiments, which laid the foundation for the subsequent construction of the L. vannamei DEB model, and provided a reference for research on other crustaceans. The theoretical basis can provide support for the industrialized high-density farming of L. vannamei.