2种塔形马蹄螺肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

Analysis and quality evaluation of nutrient components in the muscles of Tectus pyramis

中文关键词: 塔形马蹄螺  营养组分  氨基酸  脂肪酸  矿物元素  品质评价

英文关键词: Tectus pyramis  Nutrient components  Amino acid  Fatty acid  Mineral elements  Quality evaluation

中文摘要:

      为分析深圳大鹏湾和海南琼海塔形马蹄螺(Tectus pyramis)的营养成分与品质，采用国标法检测了2种塔形马蹄螺肌肉的基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成及部分矿物元素含量，氨基酸评价采用氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数方法。结果显示，海南琼海捕捞的塔形马蹄螺肌肉灰分含量显著高于深圳大鹏湾海域，其他基本营养成分无显著差异(P>0.05)；深圳大鹏湾和海南琼海塔形马蹄螺肌肉总氨基酸含量分别为(18.45±0.13)和(18.83±0.03) g/100g，必需氨基酸含量均高于27%，支链氨基酸含量超过13%，鲜味氨基酸含量为55%。2种塔形马蹄螺肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸含量均>48%，其中，深圳大鹏湾塔形马蹄螺亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于海南琼海海域，且DHA+EPA含量高达11.79%。检测的3种矿物元素中，含量最高的均是常量元素钙(Ca)，微量元素铁(Fe)次之，最低的是微量元素锌(Zn)，且海南琼海塔形马蹄螺肌肉的Ca和Zn含量显著高于深圳大鹏湾海域。研究表明，2种塔形马蹄螺蛋白含量高，多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富，肌肉营养价值高，具有很大的开发潜力，研究数据为进一步开发利用岛礁海域新型螺类食品提供参考。

英文摘要:

      To analyze the nutritional composition and quality of Tectus pyramis in Mirs Bay and Qionghai in Hainan, the basic nutritional composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, and some mineral elements in their muscle tissues were determined by the national standard method. Amino acid score, chemical score, and the essential amino acid index were used to evaluate the amino acids. The results showed that the ash content of the muscle of T. pyramis caught in Qionghai was significantly higher than that caught from Mirs Bay, but there was no significant difference in other basic nutrients (P>0.05). Total amino acid contents in the muscle tissue for individuals caught from Mirs Bay and Qionghai in Hainan were (18.45±0.13) g/100 g and (18.83±0.03) g/100 g, respectively; in both groups, the essential amino acid content was more than 27%, branched-chain amino acid content was more than 13%, and delicious amino acid content was 55%. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscles was more than 48%. The contents of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in Mirs Bay were significantly higher than those in Qionghai, and the DHA+EPA content was as high as 11.79%. Among the mineral elements detected, the content of calcium and trace element iron was the highest in the two kinds of T. pyramis, followed by trace element zinc. The calcium and zinc contents in the muscles of T. pyramis in Qionghai were significantly higher than those in Mirs Bay. In conclusion, T. pyramis have a high protein content, rich polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high muscle nutritional value, with a great potential for development. These data provide a reference for the further development and utilization of new snail food in island and reef waters.