薛家岛海水网箱养殖海域贝藻综合养殖效果及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Polyculture of Shellfish and Algae and Influencing Factors in the Xuejiadao Sea Cage Aquaculture Area

中文关键词: 海水网箱养殖  马氏珠母贝  异枝麒麟菜  多营养层次综合养殖

英文关键词: Sea cage mariculture  Pinctada martensi  Eucheuma striatum  Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)

中文摘要:

      本研究于2018年9—11月在山东省青岛市薛家岛海域构建了包含鱼类网箱、马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)和异枝麒麟菜(Eucheuma striatum)的多营养层次综合养殖(IMTA)模式，开展现场实验的同时，在室内测定了马氏珠母贝的摄食生理指标和异枝麒麟菜的营养盐吸收速率，对比分析了贝藻综合养殖对网箱养殖区的水质改善效果。结果显示，实验点马氏珠母贝壳高及特定生长率(SGR)均显著高于对照点，水层为0.50~0.62 m的马氏珠母贝平均壳高显著高于其他水层。实验点异枝麒麟菜的净增重显著高于对照点，水深为0.60~0.90 m的生长速率最高；在24.45℃条件下，马氏珠母贝对颗粒有机物(POM)的摄食率、吸收率和吸收效率均值分别为(4.13±0.77) mg/(h·ind.)、(1.04±0.24) mg/(h·ind.)和(25.00±2.51)%，均显著高于20.74℃实验组；在实验温度范围内，异枝麒麟菜对N、P、Si营养盐的吸收速率均随着温度升高呈先升高再降低的趋势，最高值出现在30℃。实验期间，马氏珠母贝摄食和吸收的POM分别为778.08和144.47 g，异枝麒麟菜吸收的N、P、Si总量分别为8.55、1.11和9.18 g，均高于对照点。研究表明，温度、养殖深度、POM及营养盐浓度是影响马氏珠母贝和异枝麒麟菜生长及生理代谢的主要因素。

英文摘要:

      In recent years, environmental pollution and ecological problems caused by cage aquaculture have become increasingly prominent in shallow seas. The cultivation technique of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) can be applied to minimize the impact of nutrient enrichment from organic fisheries. The IMTA mode was implemented in September to November 2018 in this study, which included fish cage aquaculture, the shellfish Pinctada martensi, and the alga Eucheuma striatum. The feeding physiology indicators of P. martensi and the nutrient uptake rate of E. striatum were measured at different temperatures in the laboratory concurrent with conducting field experiments, and the improvement of the water quality in the cage aquaculture area by IMTA of shellfish and algae were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the specific growth rate (SGR) of P. martensi in the marine fish cage area was significantly higher than that in control area, and the average shell height of P. martensi in the 0.50~0.62 m water layer in the cage area was significantly higher than the other water layers. (2) Eucheuma striatum had the fastest SGR in the 0.60~0.90 m water layer, and the net wet weight gain of E. striatum was significantly higher than that in the control area. (3) At 24.45℃, the average feeding rate, absorption rate, and absorption efficiency of P. martensi on particulate organic matter were, respectively, (4.13±0.77) mg/h·ind., (1.04±0.24) mg/h·ind., and (25.00±2.51)%, which were significantly higher than those at 20.74℃. Within the experimental temperature range, the absorption rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon first increased then decreased with increasing temperature, and the maximum values appeared at 30℃. (4) It is estimated that the total amount of filtered particulate organic matter and the total amount of absorbed particulate organic matter by P. martensi in the marine fish cage area during the culture experiment was 778.08 g and 144.47 g, respectively, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon removed by E. striatum in the marine fish cage area was 8.55 g, 1.11 g, and 9.18 g, respectively; all the above indicators were higher than those in the control area. Temperature, depth of cultivation, particulate organic matter, and nutrient concentrations were the primary factors affecting the growth and physiological metabolism of P. martensi and E. striatum. This study provides data and theoretical support for the establishment of IMTA technology.