基于形态学和高通量测序的海水池塘生态养殖系统中浮游植物多样性比较

Comparison of Phytoplankton Community Diversity in the Ecological Aquaculture System of a Marine Pond Using Morphological Analysis and High-Throughput Sequencing

中文关键词: 生态养殖  浮游植物  多样性  形态学分析  高通量测序

英文关键词: Ecological aquaculture  Phytoplankton community  Diversity  Morphological analysis  High-throughput sequencing

中文摘要:

      利用形态学鉴定方法结合高通量测序技术，对2018年12月海水池塘生态养殖系统中浮游植物群落组成及多样性进行研究，结果显示，2种方法共鉴定浮游植物8个门，绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和隐藻门(Cryptophyta)为主要优势类群。共鉴定浮游植物39个属，仅有5个属，包括裸藻属(Eutreptiella)、颤藻属(Oscillatoria)、拟菱形藻属(Pseudonitzschia)、塔胞藻属(Pyramimonas)和全沟藻属(Teleaulax)为2种方法的共有鉴定结果。一些微微型(≤2 μm)和较小的微型浮游植物(>2 μm且≤10 μm)仅在高通量测序结果中发现，其中，微微型浮游植物占总浮游植物序列丰度的25.24%，较小的微型浮游植物占60.42%。形态学方法调查的浮游植物多样性指数低于高通量测序方法。因此，利用形态学鉴定方法结合高通量测序技术，更能全面、准确地了解养殖生态系统中浮游植物群落结构及多样性。

英文摘要:

      With increasing concern over the negative environmental impact of mariculture, ecological aquaculture based on multi-trophic systems has received extensive attention in recent years. Phytoplankton are important components of aquaculture ecosystems. They are useful in maintaining water quality by uptake of nutrients during photosynthesis and serve as a direct or indirect food source for cultured organisms. Some phytoplankton, such as diatoms and green algae, are conducive to the growth of shrimp, crab, shellfish, and fish, whereas others (such as cyanophytes and dinoflagellates) may be toxic to aquatic organisms in aquaculture systems. In the present study, a combination of traditional morphological analysis and high-throughput sequencing was used to comprehensively assess phytoplankton community composition and diversity in the ecological aquaculture system of a marine pond in December 2018. Eight phyla were detected using two methods, Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta being the most frequently recorded. Notably, the phyla Haptophyta and Chrysophyta were only found via high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, a total of 39 genera were detected using two methods, but only five genera, Eutreptiella, Oscillatoria, Pseudonitzschia, Pyramimonas, and Teleaulax were shared in both methods. Some picophytoplankton (≤2 μm) and small nanophytoplankton (>2 μm and≤10 μm) were detected via high-throughput sequencing, but were not observed via morphological analysis. Picophytoplankton represented 25.24% of the total phytoplankton sequence abundance, and small nanophytoplankton accounted for 60.42%. Phytoplankton diversity revealed upon morphological analysis was lower than that revealed via high-throughput sequencing. Therefore, the combination of traditional morphological analysis and high-throughput sequencing will be useful for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of phytoplankton community composition and diversity in aquatic ecosystems. This study serves as a foundation for the characterization of phytoplankton community dynamics in the ecological aquaculture systems of marine ponds for future research.