低盐和高盐环境下刺参选育品系生长与摄食性能研究

Growth and feeding performance of selected breeding sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in low and high salt environments

中文关键词: 刺参  选育  盐度  生长  消化酶

英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus  Selective breeding  Salinity  Growth  Digestive enzymes

中文摘要:

      为评价刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)耐盐品系选育效果，以G4、G5代刺参耐盐选育品系为研究对象，研究了其在低盐度和高盐度环境下的生长、摄食和消化生理的变化。结果显示，30 d实验期间，G4代和G5代2种规格选育刺参在不同盐度环境中的生长情况相似，在低盐环境中的末体重随着实验盐度的降低而下降，在高盐环境中的末体重均随着实验盐度升高而下降；G4代盐度35实验组的特定生长率(SGR)为(0.82±0.06)%/d，摄食率(FR)为(3.54±0.26)%，均与盐度31对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)，G5代实验组刺参呈现相似规律。在盐度为18~31时，G4和G5代的不同规格选育刺参蛋白酶活力随着设置盐度的降低而下降，最低值为G5代盐度18小规格刺参实验组的1.55 U/mg prot；在盐度31~39范围内，各实验组刺参蛋白酶活力随着设置盐度的升高呈降低趋势，但盐度35、37实验组的蛋白酶活力与盐度31对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)；G4和G5代的不同规格选育刺参淀粉酶活力随着设置盐度的变化总体无太大差异；在盐度18~31范围内，G4和G5代选育刺参脂肪酶活力随着设置盐度的降低而下降，其中，盐度18和盐度22实验组脂肪酶活力显著低于盐度31对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明，选育刺参在适应生长、摄食及激活消化酶活力的盐度值范围与普通刺参具有显著差异；G4和G5代选育刺参选育性状稳定性较强，历代定向选育对刺参群体抗逆性状的遗传改良起到了积极作用。

英文摘要:

      To evaluate the breeding effect of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) salt tolerant strains, the growth, feeding and digestive physiological changes of the fourth generation (G4) and the fifth generation (G5) sea cucumber strains under low and high salinity environments were studied. The results showed that the growth of G4 and G5 were similar in low salt environment during a 30-day experiment. The final body weight in low salt environment decreased with the decrease in experimental salinity, and the final body weight in high salinity environment decreased with the increase in experimental salinity. The specific growth rate (SGR) and feeding rate (FR) of salinity 22 and salinity 35 were not significantly different from those of the control group at salinity 31 (P>0.05). In the salinity range of 18~31, the protease activity of G4 and G5 decreased with the decrease in salinity, and the lowest value was 1.55 U/mgprot observed in the G5. In the salinity range of 31~39, the protease activity of each experimental group decreased with the increase in salinity, but there was no significant difference between salinity 35, 37, and control group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in amylase activity between G4 and G5 with the change in salinity; in the range of salinity 18~31, the protease activity of the G4 and G5 was not significantly different. The lipase activity of sea cucumber decreased with the decrease in salinity, and the lipase activity of salinity 18 and salinity 22 was significantly lower than that of salinity 31 (P<0.05). The results showed that there were significant differences between selected sea cucumbers and common sea cucumbers in adapting to growth, feeding, and activating digestive enzyme activities under different salinity treatments. The stability of breeding traits was strong in G4 and G5, and the directional breeding played an active role in genetic improvement of stress resistance in sea cucumbers.