芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肠组织结构的影响

Effects of replacing fish meal with Bacillus aerobically fermented soybean meal on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices and intestinal histology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

中文关键词: 大口黑鲈  芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕  生长性能  血清生化  肠组织结构

英文关键词: Largemouth bass  Bacillus aerobic fermentation of soybean meal  Growth performance  Serum biochemical Indices  Intestinal tissue morphology

中文摘要:

      芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)有氧发酵豆粕的肽类和活菌等含量丰富，为研究其替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼的养殖效果，配制鱼粉含量为50%的大口黑鲈基础饲料，在基础饲料中用芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕分别替代0、10%、20%、30%和40%的鱼粉，配制成5种等氮、等能实验饲料进饲养实验。实验共分5个组，每组3个重复，每个重复30尾鱼[初始体重为(19.83±0.33) g]。采用表观饱食投喂饲养75 d。结果显示，20%和30%实验组增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，但饲料效率、存活率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)，20%的替代组增重率及饲料效率皆出现最大值；各实验组之间肥满度和肝体比均无显著差异(P>0.05)，但替代组脏体比出现下降的趋势，且当替代量超过30%时，显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清白蛋白含量各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)，替代组总蛋白和球蛋白的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力随鱼粉替代量的增加而显著升高，10%组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)，其他各替代组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对肠道组织结构的研究结果显示，40%组前肠肠绒毛密度和肠壁厚度均显著低于对照组；30%前肠绒毛高度和宽度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。10%组中肠肠壁厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，但与其他各实验组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)；20%和40%组中肠绒毛密度和高度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各实验组的后肠肠壁厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，但30%组绒毛高度和宽度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述，在本实验条件下，芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代20%的鱼粉不会影响大口黑鲈的生长性能和体质，对其肠道健康有一定的促进作用。

英文摘要:

      This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus aerobically fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal structure of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Five isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated. A high fish meal (FM) diet containing 50% white fish meal was used as a control diet (0); FSBM was used to replace 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the FM in the control diet to obtain the other experimental four diets. Largemouth bass [with initial body weight of (19.83±0.33) g] were randomly divided into five groups and reared in an indoor cage system for 75 d. Each group had 3 replicates, and each replicate contained 30 fish. The results showed that the weight gain rates of the 20% and 30% trial groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in feed efficiency and survival rate in all experimental groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in either condition factor or hepatosomatic index between all trial groups (P>0.05); but the viscerosomatic index was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum albumin in all trial groups (P>0.05); the total protein and globulin of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05); the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities of the trial groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05); In the 30% and 40% FSBM treatments, the intestinal muscular layer appeared thinner and villi integrity dropped. These results indicate that at least 20% of dietary FM protein in the diets of juvenile largemouth bass can be replaced by FSBM without having any adverse effect on growth performance, physical fitness, and intestinal health.