饲料中蛋白水平对三疣梭子蟹雌体生长、卵巢发育和生化组成的影响

Effects of dietary protein levels on the growth, ovarian development and biochemical composition of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)

中文关键词: 三疣梭子蟹  蛋白水平  卵巢发育  生化组成

英文关键词: Portunus trituberculatus  Dietary protein levels  Ovarian development  Biochemical composition

中文摘要:

      本研究配制蛋白水平分别为32.16%、36.13%、39.59%和41.24%的等脂等能配合饲料(分别记为饲料1~4)，对初始体重为(10.98±0.28) g的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)雌体进行池塘养殖120 d，以探究饲料蛋白水平对三疣梭子蟹雌体生长、卵巢发育和生化组成的影响。结果显示，饲料蛋白水平对池塘养殖条件下雌体的生长无显著影响。饲料3组雌体的卵巢指数和总可食率均最高(P<0.05)。饲料4组卵巢中粗蛋白含量最高(P<0.05)，3组和4组的肝胰腺粗蛋白含量显著高于1组和2组(P<0.05)，而肌肉中的粗蛋白含量则在1组和3组中较高(P<0.05)。卵巢中的总脂含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加呈上升趋势(P<0.05)，肝胰腺和肌肉中总脂含量均在饲料1组中最高，而饲料2组中最低(P<0.05)。饲料1组和3组肌肉中的总必需氨基酸(∑EAA)和总非必需氨基酸(∑NEAA)均显著高于另外两组(P<0.05)。综上所述，在本实验条件下，三疣梭子蟹雌体育肥饲料中适宜的蛋白水平约为40.16%。研究表明，适宜的饲料蛋白水平可以提高三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育和肌肉的营养品质。

英文摘要:

      The study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on the growth, ovarian development, and biochemical composition of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus [initial body weight of (10.98±0.28) g]. Four experimental diets, which were isoenergic and islipidic, were formulated to contain different protein levels (30%, 34%, 38%, and 42%, defined as diets 1~4, respecitvely). These diets were fed to pond-reared P. trituberculatus females for a 120-day culture experiment. The results showed that: The dietary protein levels had no significant influence on the growth of pond-reared P. trituberculatus females. Diet 3 had the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) and total edible yield (TEY). The crude protein contents in the ovary and hepatopancreas increased significantly with the increasing dietary protein (P<0.05). Among the four treatments, diets 1 and 3 had the highest crude protein contents in the muscles (P<0.05). Similarly, an increasing trend was found for the total lipid contents in the ovary with the increasing levels of dietary protein (P<0.05). Diet 1 had the highest total lipid contents in the hepatopancreas and muscles, while the lowest total lipid content was found for diet 2 (P<0.05). The contents of total essential amino acids (∑EAA) and non-essential amino acids (∑NEAA) in the muscles of diets 1 and 3 were significantly higher than those of the other two treatments (P<0.05). These results indicate that the appropriate protein level in the diet of adult P. trituberculatus females is approximately 40.16%. The results show that an appropriate dietary protein level could improve ovarian development and muscle nutrition, which provides a reference for the formulation of a diet for P. trituberculatus inhabiting a pond.