投喂发酵饲料对刺参能量收支、生长、酶活性及其养殖水质的影响

Effect of fermented feed on the energy budget, growth, and enzyme activities of sea cucumber seedlings and its influence on the water quality in the culture system

中文关键词: 刺参  发酵饲料  能量收支  生长  酶活性  水质

英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus  Fermented feed  Energy budget  Growth  Enzyme activity  Water quality

中文摘要:

      为探究发酵饲料在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育中的效果，本研究测定了投喂发酵饲料对刺参苗种能量收支、生长、非特异性免疫酶和消化酶活性的影响，同时，对比分析了1个倒池周期内投喂发酵和未发酵饲料养殖单元池水的重要水质指标差异。结果表明，在50 d的养殖实验周期内，投喂发酵饲料组刺参苗种的存活率(SR)为(91.51±0.74)%，显著高于未发酵饲料组[(82.35±2.22)%] (P<0.05)，苗种的特定生长率(SGR)为(1.83±0.01)%/d，与未发酵饲料组无显著差异。投喂发酵饲料刺参的生长能和代谢能占比分别为(13.25±1.01)%和(32.32±2.00)%，表明投喂发酵饲料可显著提高刺参生长能；对重要非特异性免疫酶指标和消化酶指标活性的测定结果表明，投喂发酵饲料组刺参的碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别为(0.74±0.04) king U/100 ml、(95.52± 14.80) U/ml和(335.89±13.01) U/mg prot，显著高于投喂未发酵饲料组(P<0.05)；对实验期间一个倒池周期(7 d)内各实验组重要水质指标变化的测定结果表明，第7天投喂发酵饲料组水体氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度分别为(263.27±32.57)和(315.15±61.41) μg/L，显著低于未发酵饲料组。综合各项指标可以看出，投喂发酵饲料可显著提升刺参苗种的生理代谢水平，并有利于维持养殖池水水质，表明发酵饲料在刺参育苗与养殖中具有广阔的应用前景。

英文摘要:

      To explore the potential of fermented feed in sea cucumber cultivation, the effects of fermented feed on the energy budget, growth, non-specific immune enzymes, and digestive enzyme activities of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) seedlings were measured, and changes in water quality (including ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and pH) in the culture ponds during a 7-day substrate change period were measured. The results showed that during the 50 day experimental period, the survival rate of the fermented feed group was (91.51±0.74)%, which was significantly higher than that of the unfermented feed group [(82.35±2.22)%] (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups for specific growth rate. The growth energy ratio and metabolic energy ratio of the fermented feed group was (13.25±1.01)% and (32.32±2.00)%, respectively, whereas the values in the unfermented feed group were (11.38±1.05)% and (44.12±0.54)%, respectively; therefore, the fermented feed enhanced the growth energy of the seedlings. For the nonspecific immune-enzyme and digestive activities fed the different types of feed, the alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and pancreatic enzyme activity of the fermented feed group was (0.74±0.04) king U/100 ml, (95.52±14.80) U/ml, and (335.89±13.01) U/mg prot, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the unfermented feed group (P<0.05). The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite on the 7th day of the substrate change period in the fermented feed group reached (263.27±32.57) µg/L and (315.15±61.41) µg/L, respectively. The values in the unfermented feed group were (462.86±14.69) µg/L and (572.87±25.75) µg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the fermented feed group (P<0.05). All the results showed that the fermented feed improved the physiological metabolism level of the sea cucumber seedlings and maintained the water quality of the culture system; therefore, fermented feed has a broad application prospect for sea cucumber seedling culture.