饲料蛋白能量比对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的生长性能、饲料利用和体组成的影响

Effects of dietary protein to energy ratios on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

中文关键词: 红鳍东方鲀  蛋能比  蛋白质  能量

英文关键词: Takifugu rubripes  Protein to energy ratios  Protein  Energy

中文摘要:

      为探求红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼饲料的最适蛋白质能量比，以鱼粉和豆粕作为主要蛋白源，鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源，配制粗蛋白含量分别为36%、42%和48%，粗脂肪含量分别为8%、12%和16%，蛋能比为17.06~24.20 mg/kJ的9组饲料。投喂初始体重为14.95 g的红鳍东方鲀幼鱼56 d。结果显示，由双因素分析方法得出，饲料的蛋白水平、脂肪水平和蛋能比水平均可显著影响红鳍东方鲀的终末体重、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)，且饲料蛋白为36%时，显著低于42%和48%组，但与饲料蛋白为42%和48%组之间相比无显著差异。在饲料脂肪为8%时，显著低于12%组，与饲料脂肪为12%与16%组之间相比无显著差异。此外，饲料的蛋白和脂肪水平对红鳍东方鲀生长和饲料利用的相关指标均无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。由单因素方差分析得出，终末体重、FE、SGR均是Diet8(48/12)蛋白水平为48%、脂肪水平为12%处理组最高，显著高于Diet1(36/8)蛋白水平为36%和脂肪水平为8%处理组、Diet2(36/12)蛋白水平为36%和脂肪水平为12%处理组、Diet3(36/16)蛋白水平为36%和脂肪水平为16%处理组(P<0.05)与Diet4(42/8)蛋白水平为48%和脂肪水平为8%处理组、Diet5(42/12)蛋白水平为42%和脂肪水平为12%处理组、Diet6(42/16)蛋白水平为42%和脂肪水平为16%处理组、Diet7(48/8)蛋白水平为48%、脂肪水平为8%处理组之间相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此，根据研究结果综合考虑生长性能及蛋白质节约效应，红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的最适蛋白水平为42%，脂肪水平为12%，蛋能比为20.75 mg/kJ。

英文摘要:

      A growth experiment was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein to energy (P/E) ratio for juvenile tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) (initial average weight 14.95 g). Nine practical diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (36%, 42% and 48%), and three lipid levels (8%, 12% and 16%) in order to produce a range of P/E ratios (from 17.06 to 24.20 mg/kJ). Fish meal and soybean meal were used as main protein sources, and fish oil were used as the main oil source. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 fish with (14.95±0.37) g, stocked in polyethylene tanks (0.7 m×0.7 m× 0.4 m) supplied with a flow through seawater. Fish were fed by hand to apparent satiation twice daily (08:00 and 17:00). During the feeding trial, water temperature ranged from 24℃ to 28℃, salinity from 30 to 31, pH from 7.4 to 8.2, and dissolved oxygen from 5 to 7 mg/L. Juvenile tiger puffer was fed the experimental diets for 56 days. Based on two-way analysis of variance, the protein level, lipid level and protein to energy ratio of feed significantly affected the final weight, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and specific growth rate (SGR) (P<0.05). Those three growth parameters in the 42% and 48% protein groups was significantly higher than that in the 36% protein group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the 42% and 48% protein groups (P>0.05). Those three growth parameters in the 8% lipid group was significantly lower than that of the 12% lipid group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between the 12% and 16% lipid groups (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant interaction between feed protein and fat levels on growth-related indexes. One-way analysis of variance showed that the final weight, FER, and SGR were the highest in the Diet8 (48/12) treatment, which were significantly higher than those in the Diet1 (36/8), Diet2 (36/12), and Diet3 (36/16) treatments (P<0.05), and was no significant difference compared with the Diet4 (42/8), Diet5 (42/12), Diet6 (42/16), and Diet7 (48/8) treatments (P>0.05). Considering growth performance and protein saving effect, these results suggest that the diet containing 42% protein and 12% lipid with P/E of 20.75 mg/kJ is optimal for juvenile tiger puffer.