岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究进展

Research Progress on Behavioral Ecology of Reef Fish

中文关键词: 岩礁鱼类  行为生态学  研究进展  人工鱼礁

英文关键词: Reef fish  Behavioral ecology  Research progress  Artificial reef

中文摘要:

      岩礁鱼类多具有较高的经济价值，但过度开发、环境污染、全球气候变化造成岩礁鱼类及其栖息地受到不同程度的破坏，资源量锐减，栖息地退化。为应对全球海洋生态环境和资源面临的重重压力，以人工鱼礁、增殖放流为水生生物资源养护基础措施的海洋牧场建设成为世界沿海国家的战略性选择。开展岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究，解析生物对鱼礁结构物和人工生境的响应行为及人工环境对岩礁鱼类行为的影响，对优化水生生物放流策略、提高增殖物种成活率、养护生物资源、科学开展人工鱼礁工程建设和促进渔业经济发展具有重要作用。为此，本文综述了国内外对岩礁鱼类在栖息地选择、索饵、繁殖、集群、领域、防御等行为生态学研究进展，梳理了岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究在渔业资源保护与开发中的重要作用，同时，就岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究中存在的问题进行讨论并提出建议，以期为我国海洋牧场建设提供更科学的理论基础和更高效的技术方案。

英文摘要:

      Reef fish are expensive, but owing to overdevelopment, environmental pollution, and global warming, reef fish resources are collapsing and their habitats are undergoing varying degrees of degradation. In order to solve the stress in the global marine ecological environment and its resources, the construction of marine ranching based on artificial reef and stock enhancement and release has become the main strategy for protecting aquatic organisms in coastal countries. By researching the behavioral ecology of reef fish, analyzing their reaction to reef structure and artificial habitat and the effect of artificial environments on fish, the fish release strategy will be optimized, survival rate will be increased, resources will be protected, and artificial reef constructions will be more scientific. Therefore, in this paper, research progress on the behavioral ecology of reef fish, both in China and abroad, was summarized, including habitat selection and foraging, aggression, territorial and defensive behaviors. Moreover, the importance of reef fish behavioral ecology on resource protection and development was analyzed. Meanwhile, existing problems in the behavioral ecology of reef fish were discussed, and suggestions put forward, to provide a more scientific theoretical basis and more efficient technical scheme for the development of marine ranching in China.