α-黑素细胞刺激素及黑皮质素受体-4在能量平衡和繁殖中的功能研究

The Functions of α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and Melanocortin-4 Receptor During Energy Homeostasis and Reproduction

中文关键词: 阿片黑素促皮质激素原  α-黑素细胞刺激素  黑皮质素受体-4  能量稳态  繁殖

英文关键词: Proopiomelanocorin  a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone  Melanocortin-4 receptor  Energy homeostasis  Reproduction

中文摘要:

      阿片黑素促皮质激素原(POMC)是黑皮质激素的前体物质，在机体中广泛分布。近年来，POMC及其衍生物黑素细胞刺激素(MSH)和黑皮质素受体-4(MC4R)在能量稳态和繁殖活动中的作用备受关注。研究发现，POMC神经元及其加工后的产物对摄食和体重的调节具有重要作用。此外，POMC神经元在下丘脑中与GnRH神经元紧密接触，由其产生的神经递质和神经肽可能对GnRH神经元具有重要的输入作用，从而直接或间接地调控下丘脑–垂体–性腺轴(HPG)中繁殖相关激素的合成并影响生殖活动。本文综述了黑皮质素系统对能量稳态和繁殖活动的调控作用以及目前MC4R在硬骨鱼类中的药理学研究，以期其能够在动物的生长发育和繁殖中具有应用前景。

英文摘要:

      Melanocortins are the products of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC) with extensive localization in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Melanocortins play important roles in the skin, stress response, immune system, feeding behavior, and sexual function. In recent years, the -melanocyte stimulating hormone (-MSH) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) have received considerable attention for their regulation of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that POMC, -MSH, and MC4R regulate food intake and the reproductive system by mediating the secretion of hormones related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In this review, we summarize the physiological functions of POMC, -MSH, and MC4R in energy homeostasis and reproduction. We also summarize the results of several studies reporting the pharmacological characteristics of teleost MC4R and discuss the potential commercial applications in aquaculture.