池塘和稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾肌肉和肝脏营养成分比较

Comparison of nutrient components in muscles and hepatopancreas of pond- and paddy field-cultured Procambarus clarkia

中文关键词: 克氏原螯虾  池塘  稻田  营养价值  比较分析

英文关键词: Procambarus clarkii  Pond  Paddy-field  Nutritive value  Comparative analysis

中文摘要:

      通过对池塘和稻田2种养殖模式下克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的肌肉常规营养成分进行测定，同时，对肌肉和肝胰腺的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行测定，从而对其营养品质进行分析评价。结果显示，2种养殖模式下克氏原螯虾粗蛋白和粗脂肪无显著性差异(P>0.05)，池塘养殖模式下水分显著高于稻田模式(P<0.05)，而粗灰分显著低于稻田模式(P<0.05)。在2种模式下肌肉和肝胰腺中均检测出17种氨基酸，包括7种必需氨基酸和4种鲜味氨基酸。2种养殖模式下肌肉的必需氨基酸总含量占氨基酸总量(WEAA/WTAA)值无显著性差异(P>0.05)，而肝胰腺中池塘养殖模式WEAA/WTAA值显著高于稻田模式(P<0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)，克氏原螯虾肌肉和肝胰腺中第一限制氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸＋胱氨酸，肌肉中第二限制氨基酸为缬氨酸，肝胰腺中第二限制氨基酸为亮氨酸。另外，在肌肉中检测出20种脂肪酸，而在肝胰腺中检测出24种脂肪酸，其中，肌肉和肝胰腺中饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是棕榈酸(C16:0)；单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是油酸(C18:1n9c)。研究表明，池塘和稻田2种养殖模式下的克氏原螯虾，肌肉和肝胰腺均具有较高的食用价值和营养价值。

英文摘要:

      To evaluate the quality characteristics of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, crayfish from pond and paddy field cultures were used to compare the muscle, amino acid, and fatty acid compositions between the two culture models. The results showed that there was no significant difference in crude protein and crude fat between the two culture models (P>0.05). The muscle moisture content of crayfish in the pond culture was significantly higher than that in the paddy field culture (P>0.05), while the total ash content was significantly lower than that in the paddy field culture (P<0.05). Seventeen amino acids, including seven essential amino acids and four flavor amino acids, were detected in the muscle and hepatopancreas of the crayfish in the two culture models. There was no significant difference in the muscle WEAA/WTAA values between the two culture models (P>0.05), while the hepatopancreatine WEAA/WTAA values in the pond culture model were significantly higher than those in the paddy field model (P<0.05). According to the amino acid and chemistry score, the first limiting amino acids in the muscle and hepatopancreas were sulfur-containing amino acid (methionine and cysteine), while the second limiting amino acid in the muscle was valine and that in the hepatopancreas was leucine. In addition, 20 and 24 fatty acids were detected in the muscle and hepatopancreas of crayfish, respectively. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the highest saturated fatty acid in the muscle and hepatopancreas, and oleic acid (C18:1n9c) was the highest monounsaturated fatty acid. The muscle and hepatopancreas of crayfish in the pond and paddy field models have higher edible and nutritional values.