水生生物环境丰容技术及其应用研究进展

Review on Environmental Enrichment for Aquatic Organisms

中文关键词: 环境丰容  动物福利  水生生物

英文关键词: Environmental enrichment  Animal welfare  Aquatic organisms

中文摘要:

      水生生物作为人类生活的重要组成部分，其在养殖、运输以及展示等过程中福利水平低下现象层出不穷，寻求合适的方法来解决水生生物福利低下的问题，成为保障并提升水生生物福利的一大重要工作。环境丰容作为一项能够通过对圈养动物生存环境进行优化，提升圈养动物福利水平，使得圈养动物获得生理和心理健康，展示其自然行为的技术，成为保障和提升水生生物福利的一个重要手段。目前，与国外相比，国内对水生生物环境丰容技术的研究还处于起步阶段，如何利用环境丰容技术改善水生生物的生存环境，保障并提升水生生物福利水平日益成为研究热点。为此，本文综述了环境丰容的定义、发展历程、环境丰容与动物福利的关系以及在水生生物中的4种主要环境丰容技术。同时，就水生生物环境丰容技术存在的问题进行讨论并提出建议，以期为水生生物环境丰容提供更多方案参考和理论支撑。

英文摘要:

      With the development of fishery technology and people's improving living standards, the demand for aquatic organisms has gradually increased. Whether in terms of economic value, ornamental value and educational significance, aquatic organisms have gradually become an indispensable part of our lives. However, aquatic organisms especially fish still have a low level of welfare in the process of the breeding, transportation and display. Finding a suitable method to solve the problems of low welfare of aquatic organism has become an important issue for improving aquatic organism welfare. As one of the technical means to improve the welfare of captive animals, environmental enrichment can increase the living conditions and welfare of captive animals by adding some stimulating factors to the captive environment, so as to make the captive animals have normal psychological and physiological health and show their natural behaviors. At present, compared with foreign countries, domestic researches on environment enrichment of aquatic organisms is still in its infancy. Using environmental enrichment technology to improve the living conditions, ensure and enhance the level of welfare of aquatic organisms has become a research hotspot. Therefore, based on the review of the research progress and application of environmental enrichment technology in aquatic organisms at home and abroad, this paper divided the environmental enrichment technology of the aquatic organisms into four categories, discussed the existing problems of environmental enrichment technology and put forward some suggestions, in order to provide more scheme reference and theoretical basis for environmental enrichment technology of aquatic organisms.