天津大神堂海域不同时间序列礁体附着生物群落特征变化

Community Characteristics of Attaching Organisms on the Artificial Reefs Built in Different Years in Dashentang, Tianjin

中文关键词: 人工鱼礁  时间序列  附着生物  群落特征

英文关键词: Artificial reefs  Time series of reefs built  Attaching organisms  Community characteristics

中文摘要:

      本研究于2018年9月通过打捞鱼礁的方式调查了2010、2012、2014、2016和2018年投放礁区礁体附着生物情况。结果显示，虽然不同年份投礁区礁体附着生物的种类和数量有所差异，但长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)均占绝对优势。2018年投礁区由于礁体投放时间较短，尚未形成稳定的附着生物群落，其礁体附着生物的种类数、附着生物数量和重量、生物多样性指数和物种均匀度指数均显著低于其他年份。2010年投礁区域礁体附着生物种类和数量均显著高于其他年份，但在附着生物重量上无显著差异。研究表明，人工鱼礁附着生物优势种种类组成受到其所处海域地理位置的影响很大，时间序列对人工鱼礁附着生物的影响在投放前期较为明显，当生物量达到一定数值后，其影响明显减弱，但其生物生态环境仍在缓慢改善，生物多样性逐步增加。

英文摘要:

      To collect reference material for the construction and management of artificial reefs in Dashentang, community characteristics of attaching organisms on the artificial reefs built in different years were evaluated. Three artificial reefs were lifted in September 2018 from reef areas built in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. The attaching organisms were collected for analysis. The species and number of attaching organisms were different for artificial reefs built in different years. Nonetheless, Crassostrea gigas was a dominant species of attaching organism on all artificial reefs, and in some years it was the only dominant species. These results might be related to the biological environment in the area of sea where the artificial reefs were built. The artificial reef area in our study was adjacent to a natural oyster reef area in Tianjin where the resources for C. gigas were very rich. This was likely the main factor resulting in C. gigas being the absolute dominant species. Because of the short intervals between the time of the survey and when reefs were built, the biological community of attaching organisms had not yet fully formed. Thus, species number, organism number, biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou’s evenness index for attaching organisms on reefs built in 2018 were significantly lower than those in earlier years. The species number and organism number of the attaching organisms on reefs built in 2010 were significantly higher than those in other years, but no significant difference in biomass was observed between the parameters for attaching organisms on reefs built in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The results suggested that species of attached organisms on artificial reefs are greatly affected by the environment in which the reefs were built. The effect of time on the attached organisms was more obvious in the early stages after the reefs were built. When the biomass of attached organisms reached a certain value, the effect was significantly reduced. However, its biological environment continued to slowly improve and its biodiversity gradually increased.