渤海伏季休渔效果初步评价

Preliminary Evaluation of Summer Fishing Moratorium in the Bohai Sea

中文关键词: 渤海  伏季休渔  渔业资源  养护

英文关键词: Bohai Sea  Summer fishing moratorium  Fishery resource  Conservation

中文摘要:

      本研究基于渔业统计和资源调查数据，比较分析了我国实施伏季休渔制度20多年来对渤海渔业资源的影响。结果显示，1995年实施伏季休渔制度以后，渤海捕捞产量和捕捞效率在短期内大幅增加，特别是小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)的捕捞产量分别增加了3.96倍和1.74倍，占渤海总捕捞产量的比重有所提高。1999年以后，捕捞产量逐年下降，并于2008年趋于稳定。资源调查结果显示，在1998~2014年渤海渔业资源量急剧下降之后，近年来有资源量增加迹象，鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)等经济种类的资源量在2014~2015年有所提高，但总体低于1992年同期水平。休渔期内，渤海主要渔业种类得到了生长繁殖的时间和空间，资源量增加了3倍以上，渔业生物平均体长和体重增加，但长期以来资源小型化和低质化趋势未见好转。

英文摘要:

      The Bohai Sea, a landlocked body of water in China, provides spawning, feeding, and breeding habitats for many economically important species. The summer fishing moratorium in the Bohai Sea was implemented in 1995, and for more than two decades in place it has played an important role in alleviating the intensive fishing pressure on it as a fishery resource as well as in resource conservation. However, the evaluation of the implementation effect of a summer fishing moratorium system in the Bohai Sea has not yet to be reported. Based on the Chinese Fishery Statistics Yearbook and data from the fishery resource survey, we made a comparative analysis of the implementation effects of the summer fishing moratorium system on fishery resources in the Bohai Sea. The results showed that the capture and fishing efficiency in the Bohai Sea increased rapidly in the short term following the end of the summer fishing moratorium. This was especially true for economically important species such as Larimichthys polyactis and Scomberomorus niphonius, which harvests increased 3.96 times and 1.74 times, respectively, and their proportion of total capture yield increased significantly. After 1999, capture yield declined year to year and stabilized in 2008. According to the results of the fishery resources survey, signs of recovery have shown in recent years following the sharp decline of the fishery resources in the Bohai Sea from 1998 to 2014. The biomass of the economically important species increased during the period of 2014~2015, such as Engraulis japonicus, Pampus argenteus, and Portunus trituberculatus, but it was lower than the same period in 1992. During the period of fishing moratorium, the primary fishery species have time and space to grow and spawn. Giving the populations time to replenish has resulted in the total resources increasing more than three times since the beginning of the moratorium, and the average length and weight of fishery organisms has also increased significantly. However, the general trend of miniaturization and degradation of fishery resources has not improved for a long time. In order to ensure the implementation effect and improve the restoration of fishery resources, it is necessary to further enhance the summer fishing moratorium system.