山东主要刺参养殖区幼参肠道抗生素耐药菌及耐药基因分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistant Genes in the Intestine of Cultured Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Seedlings in Shandong Province

中文关键词: 刺参  肠道  耐药菌  耐药基因  荧光定量PCR

英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus  Intestine  Antibiotic resistant bacteria  Antimicrobial resistant genes  Quantitive real-time PCR

中文摘要:

      为解析目前刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种携带耐药菌及耐药基因现状，本研究从烟台、威海、青岛3个刺参主要养殖区的6家养殖场采集了幼参，对其肠道内容物中常用抗生素的耐药菌数量、占比和种类进行检测。利用荧光定量PCR技术，对样本中4类抗生素的7种耐药基因分布情况进行分析。结果显示，所检测的6个采样点中均有6种抗生素耐药菌的检出，从耐药菌占比来看，耐药菌占比最高的种类是乙酰甲喹、萘啶酸和四环素耐药菌，占比分别为0.05%~40.06%、2.16%~39.94%和0.06%~23.15%，氟苯尼考、庆大霉素和链霉素耐药菌的占比均不高，占比范围为0.01%~4.15%。由所分离到的98株耐药菌的鉴定结果可以看出，可培养的抗生素耐药菌分为4门5纲30属，主要集中在弧菌属、芽孢杆菌属和嗜冷杆菌属，占检出率的15.30%、13.27%和12.25%。基于属水平的不同抗生素耐药菌种类的分布统计结果显示，各采样点耐药菌种类差异较大，而且弧菌属、芽孢杆菌属和嗜冷杆菌属中均存在同一菌属中有耐多种抗生素的情况。对6个样本7种抗生素耐药基因的丰度检测结果显示，同一类抗生素的不同耐药基因的含量差异显著，除氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因aadA的相对拷贝数比例和链霉素以及庆大霉素耐药菌占比之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05)外，其他抗生素耐药基因的丰度与耐药菌占比之间相关性不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明，苗期刺参中存在一定的携带耐药菌和耐药基因的风险。

英文摘要:

      In order to understand the current status of drug-resistant bacteria and drug-resistant genes in the sea cucumber, seedlings were collected from 6 aquaculture farms in Shandong Province. The number, proportion and species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intestinal were tested. Meanwhile, the distribution of seven drug-resistant genes of four classes of antibiotics was analyzed by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results were listed as follows: All of the six kinds of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are detected at all six sampling sites. According to the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria to total cultured bacteria, the top three highest proportions are mequindox, nalidixic acid and tetracycline-resistant bacteria, with the proportions are 0.05%~40.06%, 2.16%~39.94% and 0.06%~23.15%, respectively. The proportion of florfenicol, gentamicin and streptomycin-resistant bacteria range from 0.01% to 4.15%. The 98 antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains are identified as 4 phyla, 5 classes and 30 genera based on 16S rDNA sequence. The top 3 genera are Vibrio, Bacillus and Psychrobacter with the detection rates of 15.30%, 13.27% and 12.25%, respectively. The components of drug-resistant bacteria species varied at different sampling sites, and there are compound antibiotic-resistant strains in Vibrio, Bacillus and Psychrobacter genera. The abundances of seven antibiotic resistance genes in six samples show that the contents of different antibiotic resistance genes against the same antibiotic are significantly different. There is significant correlation between the relative copy number ratio of aminoglycoside resistance gene (aadA) and the proportion of streptomycin and gentamicin-resistant bacteria. The correlation between the abundance of the other six genes and the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria is not significant. The results indicate that there is a certain risk of drug-resistant bacteria and drug-resistant genes in the seedling stage of sea cumber.