对虾工厂化养殖中浮游动物群落结构的变化规律

Changes in Zooplankton Community Structure in Industrial Shrimp Farming Ponds

中文关键词: 凡纳滨对虾  工厂化养殖  浮游动物  群落结构  环境因素

英文关键词: Litopenaeus vannamei  Industrial aquaculture  Zooplankton  Community structure  Environmental factors

中文摘要:

      为了掌握对虾工厂化养殖过程中浮游动物的变动规律，有效管理水体环境质量，提高养殖效益，于2018年8月17日~11月3日，以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象，分析了对虾工厂化养殖水体中浮游动物群落结构特征、演替规律及其与养殖水体弧菌、浮游微藻和环境因素的关系。结果显示，从实验塘鉴定出21种浮游动物，隶属于4大类，种类最多的为原生动物，共13种，占总数的61.9%；其次为轮虫和桡足类，均为3种，占总数的14.3%；枝角类最少，占总数的5%。整个养殖期，浮游动物的平均密度约为0.71×103 ind./L，平均生物量约为11.72 mg/L。养殖过程中优势种由原生动物、轮虫、桡足类物种逐渐演变成单一的原生动物物种。实验塘浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)在0.52~1.64之间波动，前期先降低后升高，后期有所降低。相关性分析显示，浮游动物数量和浮游微藻数量显著负相关(P<0.05)，典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)显示，温度、pH、营养盐等是影响浮游动物优势种演替的重要因素。研究结果为深入认识凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖中浮游动物的群落结构提供了基础数据。

英文摘要:

      To explore the variations in zooplankton community in the shrimp factory aquaculture process, effectively manage water quality, and improve aquaculture efficiency, the characteristics and succession of zooplankton community structure, as well as the relationship between the community and Vibrio, phytoplankton, and the environment were analyzed. A total of 21 species, belonging to 4 categories were identified from August to November 2018. Protozoan zooplankton species were the most diverse, accounting for 61.9% of the total species, followed by Rotifera (14.3%), Copepoda (14.3%), and Cladocera (5%). The average density and biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was about 0.71×103 ind./L and 11.72 mg/L, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of the zooplankton fluctuated between 0.52 and 1.64. Correlation analysis showed that the zooplankton density was significantly negatively correlated with the phytoplankton density (P<0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature, pH, nutrients, etc. are important factors influencing the succession of dominant species of zooplankton. The results provide basic data for understanding the zooplankton community structure in the factory aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei.