盐度对花鲈幼鱼鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构的影响

Effects of salinity on the histological structure of the gills, spleen, and muscle in Lateolabrax maculatus juveniles

中文关键词: 盐度  花鲈  鳃  脾脏  肌肉  组织结构

英文关键词: Salinity  Lateolabrax maculatuswas  Gills  Spleen  Muscle  Histological structure

中文摘要:

      为了探究不同盐度对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼组织结构的影响，用组织学方法对不同盐度条件下(0、10、15、20、30)花鲈幼鱼的鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构进行研究。结果显示，盐度为0时，花鲈幼鱼鳃丝排列紧密，顶端膨大呈棒状，鳃小片细胞饱满，有少量泌氯细胞。花鲈幼鱼鳃丝宽度随盐度的升高而缩小，鳃小片间距则逐渐增大，差异显著(P<0.05)；盐度为20时，部分鳃小片变形脱落，鳃丝上的泌氯细胞明显增多增大；盐度为30时，鳃丝宽度较大，出现断裂脱落，鳃丝上细胞排列疏松，泌氯细胞明显膨大，有溶解现象。脾脏在淡水条件下(盐度为0)，淋巴细胞数目较少，血细胞较多；在低盐环境中(盐度为10、15)，淋巴细胞增大，数量增多，黑色素巨噬细胞中心数量增加；在高盐度下(盐度为30)，脾细胞和部分淋巴细胞出现肿大、空泡化现象，细胞排列疏松。盐度为0时，花鲈幼鱼肌纤维排列较为疏松，多角形或长椭圆形，长径和短径较大、密度较小；盐度为15时，肌纤维短径变小、密度增大，与0、10盐度组均差异显著，盐度为30时，肌纤维长径增大、密度减小；随着盐度的增加，肌纤维长径和短径均有先减小后增加的趋势，单位面积肌纤维数量则先增加后减小，差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明，花鲈幼鱼鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构变化特征与其所处的环境盐度有关。

英文摘要:

      To explore the histological features of Lateolabrax maculatus juveniles cultured at different salinities, the structures of the gills, spleen, and muscle were analyzed at different salinities (0, 10, 15, 20, and 30) via histological analysis. The results showed that at salinity 0, the gill filaments of L. maculatus juveniles were closely arranged, the top of the gills expanded into a rod shape, and the gill cells were plump with more chlorine-secreting cells; the breadth of the gill filaments decreased, and the intervals of the gill lamella became larger as the salinity increased (P<0.05). At salinity 20, some gill lamellas decomposed and fell off, the number of chlorine-secreting cells on the gill filaments increased significantly. At salinity 30, the number and size of chloride cells increased as the salinity increased and some chloride cells expanded and dissolved. In freshwater, more blood cells and fewer lymphocytes were observed in the spleen, whereas in the hyposaline environment (salinity 10 and 15), the lymphocytes were enlarged and the number of melanin macrophages increased. At high salinity (30), the spleen cells and some lymphocytes showed swelling and vacuolation and were loosely arranged. At salinity 0, the muscle fibers of the juveniles were loosely arranged, polygonal or oblong, with larger major and minor diameters and smaller densities. With the increasing salinity, both the major and minor diameters of muscle fibers tended to decrease first and then increase again. At salinity 15, the short diameter of muscle fibers decreased and their densities increased, which were significantly different from that observed at salinity 0 and 10. At salinity 30, the long diameter of muscle fibers increased and their densities decreased. In summary, as the salinity increased, both the long and short diameters of muscle fibers tended to decrease first and then increase (P<0.05). The results indicated that the histological structures of the gill, spleen, and muscle of L. maculatus juveniles were affected by the environment and salinity.