多目标资源调查站位优化设计——以渤海为例

Study on Optimizing Sampling Design of Multi-Objective Fishery-Independent Surveys: A Case Study in the Bohai Sea

中文关键词: 渤海  站位设计  多目标  定点采样  分层随机采样

英文关键词: Bohai Sea  Station design  Multi-objective  Stationary sampling  Stratified random sampling

中文摘要:

      本研究以渤海为研究区域，通过数值模拟，分析了种类出现率(将基于渤海调查的17个主要渔业种类分为3类：Ⅰ类出现率≥70%，Ⅱ类出现率50%~70%，Ⅲ类出现率<50%)和栖息水层对单种类资源量相对误差(Relative error, REE)的影响，不同调查站位数量(48和60)对定点采样与分层随机采样分析结果的影响，并优化了渤海多目标渔业资源调查的设计方案。结果显示，Ⅰ类中5种资源量REE在20%以内，Ⅱ类中3种资源量REE在30%以内，Ⅲ类中6种资源量REE在35%以内，即单种资源量评估值随种类出现率下降，相对误差变大；种类的栖息水层对种类资源量REE无明显影响。定点采样评估值随站位数量减少，精度下降(鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类的资源量指数和Margalef丰富度指数的REE分别增加了1.1%、2.5%、8.4%、4.4%和3.3%)；分层随机采样可弥补站位数减少带来的精度下降，如站位数为48的分层随机采样获得的鱼类资源量指数评估精度(REE为4.6%)高于站位数为60的定点采样的精度(REE为7.7%)，有助于减少调查成本和保护资源量低的种类。然而，每种采样方法并不能完全满足多目标最优，不同站位分配方案影响分层随机采样的精度，按照抽样费用最优准则设置站位，可获得精确度较高的鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类及黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)、鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)、叫姑鱼(Johnius grypotus)、泥脚隆背蟹(Carcinoplax vestita)、中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)等主要种类资源量评估结果，可作为渤海多目标种类资源调查的站位设计方案。

英文摘要:

      Fishery resource surveys are an important basis for the scientific management and conservation of fishery resources. The representativeness of resource survey stations is particularly important because there is limited sampling time and space. Optimizing the design of fishery resource survey stations under limited conditions is always the focus of fishery resources research. Taking the Bohai Sea as a study area and using a numerical simulation method, this paper analyzed the impact of species occurrence rate (17 main species were divided into three categories: classⅠwith an occurrence rate of more than or equal to 70%, class Ⅱ with an occurrence rate of 50%~70%, and class Ⅲ with an occurrence rate of lower than 50%) and habitat water layer on the relative error (REE) of single species biomasses, explored the influence of the number of stations (48 and 60) on the results of stationary sampling and stratified random sampling, and further optimized the design of multi-objective fishery resource surveys in the Bohai Sea. Results showed that the relative errors of biomass for five species in class Ⅰ, three species in class Ⅱ, and six species in class Ⅲ were less than 20%, less than 30%, and less than 35%, respectively. This indicated that the relative error for single species biomasses increased with a decline in the species occurrence rate, while the habitat water layer had no significant influence on the REE of species biomasses. As the number of survey station decreased, the accuracy value for stationary sampling decreased (the REE of biomass indexes for fish, shrimp, crab, and cephalopod increased by 1.1%, 2.5%, 8.4%, and 4.4%, respectively, and the REE of Margalef richness index increased by 3.3%). Stratified random sampling could compensate for the declining accuracy due to a decrease in the number of survey stations. For example, the accuracy of the fish biomass index (REE is 4.6%) obtained by stratified random sampling with 48 survey stations is higher than that obtained by stationary sampling with 60 survey stations (REE is 7.7%), which could help reduce survey costs and protect low-abundance species. However, each sampling method could not fully satisfy the multi-objective optimization, and the accuracy of stratified random sampling was affected by station allocation schemes. Setting survey stations based on the optimal criterion of sampling cost can obtain a higher accuracy of biomass assessment for fish, shrimp, crab, cephalopod, and main species such as Setipinna taty, Oratosquilla oratoria, Loligo japonica, Engraulis japonicus, Johnius grypotus, Carcinoplax vestita, and Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and could be used as a station design scheme for multi-objective fishery resource surveys in the Bohai Sea.