水解鱼蛋白对大菱鲆生长、体组成及肌纤维组织形态结构的影响

The Effects of Fish Protein Hydrolysate on the Growth, Body Composition and Morphological Structure of Muscle Fiber of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

中文关键词: 大菱鲆  水解鱼蛋白  生长性能  肌肉纤维

英文关键词: Turbot  Fish protein hydrolysate  Growth performance  Muscle fiber

中文摘要:

      本实验设计6种等氮等脂的饲料，研究水解鱼蛋白对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)生长、饲料利用、体组成和肌肉纤维组织形态结构的影响。实验设2个对照组，正对照组鱼粉为44%，负对照组鱼粉为22%；设4个实验组，PH18A组为22%的鱼粉和18%的水解鱼蛋白，PH4.5A组为22%的鱼粉和4.5%的水解鱼蛋白，PH4.5B组为17%的鱼粉和4.5%的水解鱼蛋白，PH18B组为0.5%的鱼粉和18%的水解鱼蛋白。研究结果表明，PH4.5A组和PH18B组的特定增长率无显著差异(P>0.05)，但显著高于PH4.5B组和负对照组(P<0.05)，显著低于正对照组和PH18A组(P<0.05)；PH18A组的特定生长率显著高于正对照组(P<0.05)。正对照组和PH18A组的饲料效率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率无显著差异(P>0.05)，但依次显著高于PH18B组、PH4.5A组和负对照组(P<0.05)；摄食率的变化趋势则相反。PH4.5B组和负对照组的粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05)，显著低于正对照组和PH18A组(P<0.05)。6个处理组的大菱鲆肌肉总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸均无显著差异(P>0.05)。PH18A组的肌纤维横截面积显著高于PH18B组、正对照组、PH4.5A组、负对照组和PH4.5B组(P<0.05)，而PH18B组显著高于PH4.5B组(P<0.05)。PH18A组和PH18B组的肌纤维密度显著低于PH4.5B组(P<0.05)。研究表明，在高植物蛋白饲料中4.5%和18%的水解鱼蛋白，均可以提高大菱鲆的饲料效率和蛋白沉积率，促进大菱鲆的生长，且18%的水解鱼蛋白好于4.5%；同时，18%的水解鱼蛋白促进大菱鲆肌肉纤维横截面积的增加，促进大菱鲆的肌肉纤维密度的降低，而4.5%的水解鱼蛋白对大菱鲆肌纤维的横截面积和肌纤维的密度均无显著的作用。

英文摘要:

      This experiment was to investigate the effects of fish protein hydrolysate on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and morphological structure of muscle fibers in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated and fed to fish. The experimental diets contained two control groups with no fish protein hydrolysate, positive control group including 44% fish meal, negative control group including 22% fish meal. Four experimental groups with different levels of fish protein hydrolysate and fish meal, PH4.5A group contained 22% fish meal and 4.5% fish protein hydrolysate, PH4.5B group contained 17% fish meal and 4.5% fish protein hydrolysate, PH18A group contained 22% fish meal and 18% fish protein hydrolysate, and PH18B group contained 0.5% fish meal and 18% fish protein hydrolysate. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate and specific growth rate between PH4.5A and PH18B groups (P>0.05), while PH4.5A group and PH18B group were significantly higher than that of PH4.5B group and negative control group (P<0.05) and significantly lower than that of PH18A and positive control groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the feed efficiency, protein efficiency and protein retention efficiency between PH18A and positive control groups (P>0.05), while PH18A and positive control groups were significantly higher than that of PH18B, PH4.5A and negative control group (P<0.05). Contrary to feed efficiency, there were no significant differences in the feed intake among PH18A，PH18B and positive control groups (P>0.05), while these groups were significantly lower than that of PH4.5A, PH4.5B and negative control groups (P<0.05). There were no differences in the contents of crude protein and crude lipid between PH4.5B and negative control groups (P>0.05), while these groups were significantly lower than that of PH18A and positive control groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in total amino acids, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids in the muscles among six groups (P>0.05). The muscle fiber cross-sectional area in PH18A group was significantly higher than that of PH18B, positive control, PH4.5A, negative control, PH4.5B groups (P<0.05), and PH18B group was significantly higher than PH4.5B group (P<0.05). The muscle fiber density of PH18A group and PH18B group was significantly lower than that of PH4.5B group (P<0.05). The above results show that both 18% and 4.5% fish protein hydrolysate added to high plant protein feeds can promote the growth of turbot and increase the feed efficiency and protein deposition rate of turbot, and growth and feed utilization in fish given 18% fish protein hydrolysate diet showed better than that of fish given 4.5% fish protein hydrolysate diets. For the morphological structure of muscle fiber, 18% fish protein hydrolysate in diets can increase the cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and reduce the muscle fiber density, while 4.5% of the fish protein hydrolysate did not affect significantly the cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber and the fiber density.