5种海藻在刺参幼参饲料中的应用研究

Application research of five seaweeds in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

中文关键词: 刺参  鼠尾藻  海藻粉  生长性能  消化酶  非特异性免疫性能

英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus  Sargassum thunbergii  Seaweed  Growth performance  Digestive enzyme  Nonspecific immune performance

中文摘要:

      本研究通过分析刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参[(10.02±0.03) g]生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活性及非特异性免疫性能的变化，评价鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、铜藻(Sargassaum horneri)、海带(Saccharina japonica)、海带渣、石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)及混合藻粉在刺参幼参养殖中的应用效果，在室内循环水系统中进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示，1) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组刺参的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)极显著高于其他各藻粉组(P<0.01)，海带渣组刺参的WGR和SGR最低，肠体比(IBR)和脏体比(VBR)均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)，藻粉对刺参存活率(SR)影响不显著(P>0.05)；2) 不同藻粉对刺参体壁水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪影响不显著(P>0.05)；3) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组肠道胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于海带、海带渣和石莼组，海带渣组最低(P<0.01)；藻粉对α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)，但对刺参粪便的酸不溶性灰分具有极显著影响(P<0.01)；4) 鼠尾藻组和混合藻粉组刺参肠道超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)，海带渣组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。研究表明，在本实验条件下，综合考虑刺参的生长性能及非特异性免疫性能，添加任一海藻均未达到替代鼠尾藻的饲喂效果，但多种海藻混合添加，其生长性能及非特异性免疫性能与单独添加鼠尾藻效果一致。

英文摘要:

      In order to evaluate the application of Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum horneri, Saccharina japonica, degummed kelp, Ulva lactuca L., and their mixture in juvenile sea cucumbers [(10.02±0.03) g], an 8-week-long experiment was conducted in a circulating water system. Growth performance, body composition, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and nonspecific immune performance were analyzed. Results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii and the seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.01), and were the lowest in sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp. Sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp had significantly lower ratio of intestine weight to body weight (IBR) and ratio of viserosomatic weight to body weight (VBR) than those of the other groups (P<0.05). Different seaweed did not significantly affect survival rate (P>0.05). Body wall moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and the crude fat of sea cucumbers were not significantly affected by the seaweeds (P>0.05). The intestinal trypsin activities in sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii, and the seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those in the kelp, degummed kelp, and Ulva groups, and were the lowest for degummed kelp (P<0.01). The different seaweeds had no significant effect on alpha amylase and lipase activity (P>0.05), but significant effects were observed in the hydrochloric acid-insoluble ash of fecal matter (P<0.01). Intestinal total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in the sea cucumbers fed S. thunbergii and seaweed mixture were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.01). Intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) content in sea cucumbers fed degummed kelp was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, a comprehensive consideration of growth performance and nonspecific immune performance indicated that the four seaweeds individually cannot achieve the feeding effect of replacing dietary S. thunbergii; however, using mixed seaweeds can achieve an effect similar to S. thunbergii under these experimental conditions.