广东粤北地区禾花鱼的形态特征及遗传学分析

Morphological Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of the Rice Flower Carp in the Northern Region of Guangdong Province

中文关键词: 禾花鱼  鲤  形态特征  COⅡ基因  聚类分析

英文关键词: Rice flower fish  Carp  Morphological characteristics  COⅡ gene  Cluster analysis

中文摘要:

      本研究从粤北地区具有代表性的养殖基地随机取禾花鱼67尾，对其形态进行拍照测量和统计分析，依据形态比例数据可将目前养殖的禾花鱼分为偏向修长型和偏向团圆型两类，与目前已有报道的6种鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)的形态学数据进行主成分分析。结果显示，在以总体体型为特征的第1主成分中，长体型禾花鱼与兴国红鲤(C. carpio var. Xingguonensis)、镜鲤(C. carpio var. specularis)和建鲤(C. carpio var. Jian)聚在一起，而与和瓯江彩鲤(C. carpio var. color)、荷包红鲤(C. carpio var. wuyuannensis)聚在一起的团圆体型禾花鱼区分开；在以头部形态为特征的第2主成分中，长体型禾花鱼与团圆体型禾花鱼聚在一起，而与镜鲤和欧江彩鲤区分开。形态学聚类分析结果显示，长体型禾花鱼与兴国红鲤、镜鲤、黄河鲤和建鲤聚合为一支，荷包红鲤与瓯江彩鲤聚为另一支，而团圆体型的禾花鱼介于两支之间。COⅡ基因测序及聚类分析结果表明，禾花鱼为鲤属鲤种的一个群体，2种体型禾花鱼的COⅡ多态位点比例仅为0.33%。以上研究结果可为禾花鱼的下一步选育提供参考资料。

英文摘要:

      In order to investigate the germplasm of rice flower carp cultured in the paddy fields of the northern region of Guangdong Province, 67 rice flower carp individuals were chosen at random. After measuring their morphological traits and calculating their morphological ratios, the rice flower carp were divided into two clusters according to shape. One cluster tended to have an elongated shape, and the other had a rounded shape. There were highly significant differences in the ratios DCP/LCP (depth of caudal peduncle to length of caudal peduncle), LC/LCP (length of Caudal fin to length of caudal peduncle), and DB/LS (body depth to soma length) between the long-shaped and round-shaped fish groups. The results suggested that the differences between the two groups were dependent on these three parameter values. Principal component analysis of the morphological characteristics of these rice flower carp and of six common populations reported previously was carried out. The results showed that in the PC1, which characterized the shape of the whole body, the long-shaped flower carp was similar to Cyprinus carpio var. xingguonensis, C. carpio var. specularis, and C. carpio var. Jian, and distinguished from the round-shaped rice flower carp, which clustered with C. carpio var. color and C. carpio var. wuyuannensis. In the PC2, which characterized the shape of the head, the rice flower carp of both shapes clustered together and were distinguished from C. carpio var. specularis and C. carpio var. color. The cluster analysis suggested that the long-shaped rice flower carp was similar to C. carpio var. xingguonensis, C. carpio var. specularis, and C. carpio var. Jian within one cluster, and C. carpio var. wuyuannensis and C. carpio var. color in another cluster. The round-shaped rice flower carp was positioned between the two clusters. These results indicate that rice flower carp are mixed strains. It is necessary to carry out family-wise selection on the basis of morphology. Furthermore, polymorphism analysis of a partial sequence (606 bp) of the COⅡ gene from rice flower carp showed that there were two polymorphic sites that formed four genotypes, where the proportion of polymorphic sites was only 0.33%. Compared with the seven species from Cyprinus, the phylogenetic tree based on the COⅡ gene sequences indicated that rice flower carp is one population of C. carpio. These results of the polymorphic investigation and genetic analysis in the present study lay the foundation for further breeding research on rice flower fish.