橡胶籽油替代豆油对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能、消化酶活性及部分生化指标的影响

Effects of Replacing Soybean Oil with Rubber Seed Oil on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Partial Biochemical Indices of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

中文关键词: 草鱼  橡胶籽油  豆油  生长性能  消化酶活性  抗氧化功能

英文关键词: Ctenopharyngodon idellus  Rubber seed oil  Soybean oil  Growth performance  Digestive enzyme activities  Antioxidant capacities

中文摘要:

      为研究橡胶籽油替代豆油对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能、消化酶活性、血脂水平、蛋白质代谢及抗氧化功能的影响，分别以橡胶籽油替代0(对照组)、25%、50%、75%和100%豆油配制5种等氮等能饲料，进行10周饲养实验。实验显示，0~50%替代组草鱼增重率、日增重系数显著高于100%替代组(P<0.05)。随着橡胶籽油替代豆油比例的升高，饲料系数呈先下降后上升的趋势，其中，25%替代组饲料系数最低，显著低于50%~100%替代组(P<0.05)；25%替代组蛋白质效率最高，显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。随着橡胶籽油替代比例的升高，肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势，其中，25%替代组脂肪酶活性最高，显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)，50%替代组胰蛋白酶活性最高，显著高于对照组、75%和100%替代组(P<0.05)。0~50%替代组肝胰脏胰蛋白酶活性显著高于75%和100%替代组(P<0.05)。25%~100%替代组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着橡胶籽油替代比例的升高，肝胰脏天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性呈先下降后上升的趋势，其中，25%替代组AST、ALT活性最低，显著低于对照组和100%替代组(P<0.05)。0~25%替代组血浆总抗氧化力(TAC)显著低于75%和100%替代组(P<0.05)。对照组血浆、肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于100%替代组(P<0.05)。由此可知，橡胶籽油替代25%~50%豆油对草鱼生长性能、饲料利用率、血脂水平、抗氧化功能指标均无不良影响；但替代超过50%时显著降低草鱼生长性能和消化酶活性。

英文摘要:

      This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean oil with rubber seed oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum lipoprotein levels, protein metabolism indices and antioxidant capacities of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Five isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated with rubber seed oil replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of soybean oil (R0, R25, R50, R75, and R100), respectively. The results showed that the weight gain, daily gain coefficient in fish fed R0 and R50 diets were significantly higher than those in fish fed the R100 diet (P < 0.05). With increasing rubber seed oil replacement level, the feed coefficient first decreased and then increased, and the lowest value was observed in fish fed the R25 diet, which was significantly lower than that in fish fed the R50, R75, and R100 diets (P<0.05). Conversely, protein efficiency first increased and then decreased, and the highest value was observed in fish fed the R25 diet, which was significantly higher than that in fish fed other diets (P<0.05). With increasing rubber seed oil replacement level, intestinal trypsin and lipase (LPS) activity first increased and then decreased, and the highest values of intestinal LPS activity were observed in fish fed the R25 diet, which were significantly higher than that in fish fed other diets (P<0.05). The highest values of intestinal trypsin activity were observed in fish fed the R50 diet, which were significantly higher than that in fish fed R0, R75, and R100 diets (P<0.05). Hepatopancreas trypsin activity in fish fed R0 and R50 diets was significantly higher than that in fish fed R75 and R100 diets (P<0.05). The serum total cholesterol (TC) level in fish fed R25, R50, R75, and R100 diets were significantly lower than that in fish fed the R0 diet (P<0.05). With increasing rubber seed oil replacement level, hepatopancreas hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities first increased and then decreased, and the lowest value was observed in fish fed the R25 diet, which was significantly lower than that in fish fed R0 and R100 diets (P < 0.05). Further, plasma total antioxidant (TAC) capacity in fish fed R0 and R25 diets was significantly lower than that in fish fed R75 and R100 diets (P<0.05). Conversely, plasma and hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in fish fed the R0 diet were significantly higher than in fish fed the R100 diet (P<0.05). These results indicated that replacing 25% to 50% of soybean oil with rubber seed meal had no obvious negative effects on growth performance, feed utilization rates, serum lipoprotein levels, protein metabolism indices, or antioxidant capacities, whereas replacing 50% of soybean oil with rubber seed oil may have depressed the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of grass carp.