海洋暖化和酸化对黄姑鱼早期生长发育的影响

Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on the Growth and Development of Nibea albiflora Richardson During Its Early Life History

中文关键词: 海洋酸化  海洋暖化  黄姑鱼  生长发育

英文关键词: Ocean acidification  Ocean warming  Nibea albiflora  Growth and development

中文摘要:

      以黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)为研究对象，根据IPCC 2013典型浓度排放路径(RCP)对2100年海洋温度和pH的预测值，分别选择减缓温室气体排放情景(RCP 2.6)和高温室气体排放情景(RCP 8.5)，设置温度和pH两个因素，在实验室条件下模拟气候变化，探究海洋暖化和酸化对黄姑鱼早期生长、发育的影响。结果显示，在基础温度24.0℃条件下，黄姑鱼进入稚鱼期的时间为25 d，高温处理(26.0℃~28.0℃)生长加快，仅为22 d，同时，随着温度升高(26.0℃、26.6℃和28.0℃)，生长率逐渐增加(0.73、0.74和0.78 mm/d)，并且各处理组之间生长率存在显著差异(P<0.05)，但死亡率在26.6℃最高，26.0℃最低。黄姑鱼死亡率在pH为7.80、7.73和7.49时分别为3.9%、19.4%和21.7%，各处理组死亡率差异显著(P<0.05)，但pH对黄姑鱼早期生长率影响不显著(P>0.05)。通过逻辑斯蒂生长方程拟合，结合IPCC对2100年温度和pH的预测，到2100年，在RCP 2.6情景下，黄姑鱼早期生长率为0.71 mm/d，死亡率为31.1%；在RCP 8.5情景下，黄姑鱼生长率最高达到0.76 mm/d，死亡率为23.9%。在海洋酸化和暖化的共同作用下，黄姑鱼的早期补充将会受到影响。

英文摘要:

      The present study used Nibea albiflora as an indicator species to evaluate the effects of climate change on the early life history of marine fishes. Based on the forecast of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provided by the Representative Concentration Path (RCP), the emission of greenhouse gases would cause a significant increase in the temperature with a considerable decrease in pH of the oceans by 2100. We compared the growth, development, and mortality of N. albiflora larvae cultured at four different temperatures (24.0℃, 26.0℃, 26.6℃, and 28.0℃) and three different pH (7.80, 7.73, and 7.49). The different temperatures and pH were selected based on the forecast of IPCC in 2100 under two scenarios: scenario 1 with reduced emission of greenhouse gases (RCP 2.6) and scenario 2 with high level of greenhouse gas emission (RCP 8.5). The results showed that it takes approximately 25 d for N. albiflora larvae to become juveniles when cultured at 24℃, whereas it takes just 22 d for those cultured at 26℃~28℃. Furthermore, N. albiflora larvae exhibited higher growth rates at higher temperatures. The mortality of N. albiflora larvae did not show a consistent trend with increase in the surrounding temperature, with the highest and lowest values at 26.6℃ and 26.0℃, respectively. In addition, N. albiflora larvae tended to have a higher mortality at a lower pH, with 3.9%, 19.4%, and 21.7% mortality at pH 7.80, 7.73, and 7.49, respectively. On the contrary, ocean acidification did not have significant effects on the growth of N. albiflora larvae. The present study also predicted that the growth rate and mortality would be 0.71 mm/d and 31.1%, respectively, for N. albiflora larvae under RCP 2.6, and the growth rate would increase to 0.76 mm/d with a 23.9% decrease in mortality under RCP 8.5 by 2100.