北黄海虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)定居群体的生态适应性研究

Ecological Adaptability of Different Geographical Populations of Patinopecten yessoensis in the Northern Yellow Sea

中文关键词: 虾夷扇贝  地理群体  稳定性同位素  生态适应性

英文关键词: Patinopecten yessoensis  Geographical population  Stable isotope  Ecological adaptability

中文摘要:

      本研究选取山东长岛、辽宁海洋岛和獐子岛底播的虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)群体、人工选育的“獐子岛红”品种养殖群体、辽宁旅顺自然群体以及原产地日本青森县陆奥湾自然群体，运用稳定同位素技术探究虾夷扇贝不同地理群体的特征。结果显示，(1)虾夷扇贝各群体的闭壳肌和内脏团δ13C值分别为–20.47‰±0.66‰和–24.13‰±2.41‰；闭壳肌和内脏团δ15N值分别为8.52‰± 1.32‰和7.26‰±0.49‰。(2)基于δ13C值和δ15N值的单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)显示，群体间各个取样点闭壳肌和内脏团的碳、氮稳定同位素比值差异显著(P<0.05)；基于地理位置构建所有群体的碳氮稳定性同位素散点分布图，可以明显地区别中国群体和日本群体。(3)中国8个虾夷扇贝群体之间，只有长岛群体的碳、氮稳定同位素比值明显低于其他群体，而其余群体之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明，虾夷扇贝中国群体与日本群体间已经存在较大的差异，且中国群体间因生长海域、水文环境的不同也呈现出分群现象。说明虾夷扇贝定居群体在不同的生态环境下已产生了不同程度的适应性改变。

英文摘要:

      Patinopecten yessoensis is a cold-water bivalve commonly found in northwestern Pacific area including northern Japan, the Far East of Russian and the northern Korean Peninsula. It was introduced to China from the Mutsu Bay (Aomori Prefecture, Japan) and was aqua-farmed in the coast of the Bohai Sea and the north of the Yellow Sea in 1982. In this study, we applied stable isotope tracer technique on samples from different geographical populations of P. yessoensis to characterize their ecological adaptability in the northern Yellow Sea of China. Samples were collected from the bottom sowing population from Shandong Changdao, Liaoning Haiyangdao and Zhangzidao, the artificial population of Zhangzidao-Red, the natural colonized population in Liaoning Lvshun and the original natural population in the Aomori Mutsu Bay of Japan. The results showed that the δ13C value of the adductor muscle and the visceral mass of P. yessoensis were -20.47‰±0.66‰ and -24.13‰±2.41‰ respectively; the δ15N values of the two tissues were 8.52‰±1.32‰ and 7.26‰±0.49‰ respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant variances in δ13C and δ15N of the visceral mass and the adductor muscle among different populations; the scatter plot of 1δ13C versus δ15N for the two tissues across all samples showed apparent difference between the Chinese and Japanese populations. Among the 8 populations in China, the value of δ13C versus δ15N of the Changdao population was lower than those of other groups. These results indicated that significant divergences emerged between the Chinese and Japanese populations of P. yessoensis, as well as between different populations in China. This phenomenon could be explained by the ecological adaptability developed during the settlement in different environments. Our study helped understand the ecological adaptation process of the scallop P. yessoensis in the Yellow Sea, and provided useful information for promoting the economic benefits and sustainable development of the scallop culture industry in China.