长江野生和池塘养殖河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蟹种早期养殖性能、抗病力和非特异性免疫性能的比较

Comparison of the Early Culture Performance, the Disease Resistance, and the Non-Specific Immunity Between Wild-Caught and Pond-Reared Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis

中文关键词: 中华绒螯蟹  扣蟹  野生群体  养殖性能  免疫性能

英文关键词: Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)  Juvenile crab  Wild population  Culture performance  Immune performance

中文摘要:

      本研究采用养殖性能评价、攻毒实验和非特异性免疫指标分析方法，比较了2个种群河 蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)扣蟹在成蟹阶段的早期养殖性能[第1次蜕壳间隔时间、成活率(SR)和增重 率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)]、攻毒后的死亡率和免疫性能。结果显示，(1)池塘养殖扣蟹第1次蜕壳间隔时间和SGR显著短于野生扣蟹(P<0.05)，而2种来源扣蟹的SR和WGR均无显著差 异(P>0.05)；(2)野生扣蟹攻毒后的累计死亡率一直低于池塘养殖扣蟹，攻毒96 h后，野生扣蟹累计死亡率(28.3%)明显低于养殖扣蟹(50.0%)；(3)比较肝胰腺组织非特异性免疫指标发现，无论雌蟹还是雄蟹，野生扣蟹碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于养殖扣蟹，野生雄蟹的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性和NO含量显著高于养殖雄蟹，而野生雌蟹的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于养殖雌蟹；(4)比较血清中非特异性免疫指标发现，野生扣蟹NO含量显著高于养殖扣蟹，而养殖扣蟹酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著高于野生扣蟹。此外，野生雌蟹血清中的血蓝蛋白(Hc)含量、T-AOC及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等活性显著高于养殖雌蟹，而ALP、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等活性显著低于养殖雌蟹。综上所述，2种来源蟹种各有优势，池塘养殖扣蟹具有较好的早期养殖性能，野生蟹种具有较强的免疫性能，有关其质量差异形成原因有待进一步深入研究。

英文摘要:

      It has been revealed that wild juvenile Eriocheir sinensis (WC) are advantageous in culture performance compared to pond-reared juvenile crabs (PR), however, their differences in the disease resistance, immunity, and the early culture performance remained unclear. In this study we addressed these questions by conducting the culture experiment, the pathogen challenge test, and the analysis of non-specific immune indices. The early culture performance included the first molt interval, survival rate, and weight gain rate. The mortality during the pathogen challenge test and immune indices of WC and PR populations were also examined. Our results were described as follows: (1) Both male and female WC showed significantly lower first molt interval and weight gain rate (WGR) than PRs, but there was no significant difference in the survival rate and the specific growth rate (SGR) between the two groups (P>0.05). (2) Within 12–96 hours in the pathogen challenge test, the cumulative mortality of WC was lower than that of PR, and after 96 hours the cumulative mortality of WC and PR were 28.3% and 50.0% respectively. (3) In terms of the non-specific immune indices in hepatopancreas, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of both male and female individuals were significantly lower in the WC population than in the PR population. For males, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and nitric oxide (NO) were higher in WC, and for females, malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in WC. (4) In terms of the non-specific immune indices in hemolymph, WC had significantly higher NO and lower acid phosphatase (ACP) than PR in both sexes. Moreover, for female, WCs had higher T-AOC, hemocyanin (Hc), and glutathione reductase (GR) than PR, but lower ALP, γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In conclusion, the pond-reared juveniles showed better culture performance during the early culture stage, while wild juveniles had stronger immune ability and lower mortality than the pond-reared juveniles. Each type of the crab seeds may have advantages in certain aspects, and the mechanisms underlying the differences need to be investigated in future studies.