磺胺二甲嘧啶对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)非特异性免疫酶活性的影响

Effects of Sulfamethazine on the Non-Specific Immune Enzyme Activities of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

中文关键词: 磺胺二甲嘧啶  中国明对虾  非特异性免疫

英文关键词: Sulfamethazine  Fenneropenaeus chinensis  Non-specific immunity

中文摘要:

      以50、100和150 mg/kg磺胺二甲嘧啶连续投喂中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) 5 d，于给药期间第1、2、3、4、5天及停止投喂药物的第1、2、3、4、5、7、10天取样，测定中国明对虾免疫相关指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和酚氧化酶(PO)活性的变化情况。结果显示，磺胺二甲嘧啶不同给药剂量对酶活性的作用效果不同，投喂渔药期间(0–5 d)，低浓度组SOD和PO活性均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)；AKP活性于投药第2、3天极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)，随后逐渐升高，于第5天显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；LZM活性于投药第3、4天显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，于第5天极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。中浓度组SOD活性在前2 d显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，投药3、4 d显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；AKP活性于第5天活性最高，为对照组的1.14倍；LZM活性在3、4、5 d显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；PO活性在投喂药物前期1–3 d呈上升趋势，极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)，于第3天达到最高值。高浓度组SOD和LZM活性在投药期间显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；AKP活性于投药期间显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；PO活性于1、2 d极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)，随后逐渐下降。停止投喂药物阶段(6–15 d)，3个浓度组各免疫相关指标均恢复至对照组水平。研究表明，低浓度磺胺二甲嘧啶对中国明对虾的免疫机能具有一定的影响，高浓度磺胺二甲嘧啶对中国明对虾的免疫机能具有明显的抑制作用。在使用抗菌药物进行抑菌或杀菌的同时，要综合考虑所选择给药剂量对对虾生理机能的影响。

英文摘要:

      Shrimp production has been a well-developed pillar of the aquaculture industry in China. Fenneropenaeus chinensis, one of highly valuable shrimp species, was mainly raised in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in North China. Antimicrobials are most frequently applied during intensive aquacultures to prevent or cope with disease outbreaks. However, antimicrobials may also have toxic effects on cultured animals such as immunosuppression. To better understand the mechanisms, we measured activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM), and phenoloxidase (PO) in serum upon the treatment with sulfamethazine (SM2) at different concentrations. It was found that SM2 significantly enhanced SOD activity at 50 mg/kg, whereas inhibited SOD at 150 mg/kg. At 100 mg/kg, SM2 first boosted SOD activity in the first 2 days and then suppressed it from Day 3 of treatment compared to the control group. Treated with 50 mg/kg SM2, the activity of AKP was inhibited from Day 2 of treatment till Day 2 after the treatment, followed by a recovery to the control level. When the SM2 concentration was 100 mg/kg, the AKP activity was elevated to a peak value on Day 5 of the treatment and then dropped back to the control level. In the treatment with 150 mg/kg SM2, AKP activity altered in the same pattern as the medium concentration group. SM2 had inhibitive effects on LZM at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg. In spite of the concentrations of SM2, the PO activity showed the same trend that it rose to a higher level than the control followed by a decrease. The non-specific immunity was inhibited by SM2 at 150 mg/kg. Therefore, the dosage of antibiotics should be carefully evaluated to ensure healthy aquaculture of shrimp.