中国刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)与韩国刺参杂交子一代生长和抗病力比较

Comparative Study on Growth and Disease Resistance of Hybrids between Chinese and Korean Stocks of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

中文关键词: 刺参  杂交  生长  抗病力  杂种优势

英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus  Hybrid  Growth  Disease resistance  Heterosis

中文摘要:

      采用完全双列杂交法对刺参中国群体(C)和韩国群体(K)进行群体间杂交和群体内自繁，获得C(♀)×C(♂)、K(♀)×K(♂)、K(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂) 4个交配组合的子一代。分析了各交配组受精率、孵化率、附着变态率、浮游幼体和幼参阶段的生长和抗病能力以及杂交子代的杂种优势。结果显示，杂交组与自繁组在受精率和孵化率等方面不存在显著性差异，杂交组附着变态率高于自繁组。C(♀)×K(♂)组在幼参期体长平均值均大于其他3个组，并表现出显著性差异，其体长杂种优势率在9.43%–23.75%之间；其体重从150日龄后表现出杂种优势，在4.09%–34.96%之间。而K(♀)×C(♂)组在幼参期体长和体重除在150日龄时表现为杂种优势，其他时间均表现为杂种劣势。K(♀)×C(♂)组抗灿烂弧菌病能力最强，杂种优势率为26.21%。

英文摘要:

      The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is a major aquaculture species in China. The fast development of sea cucumber culture in China has generated some problems such as genetic degradation, frequent diseases outbreak and natural resource depletion, which have impacted the sustainable develop­ment of agro industry of sea cucumber. Heterosis resulting from crosses between different populations is an important component of breed improvement in marine animals. The objective of this study is to determine if heterosis exists between China and Korea populations of A. japonicus. The first generation of four combinations, C(♀)×C(♂), K(♀)×K(♂), K(♀)×C(♂), and C(♀)×K(♂), were obtained from mating and crossing within and between Chinese population (C) and Korean population (K) of A. japonicas. The fertilization rate, hatch rate, settlement rate, growth, disease resistance and heterosis at larval and juvenile stages were compared among four combinations in this study. The results indicated that fertilization and hatch rates were not significantly different between the hybridization groups and self-fertilized groups. The settlement rates of hybridization groups were significantly higher than those of self-fertilized groups (P<0.05). The body length of C(♀)×K(♂) group at juvenile stages was longer than other three groups, showing marked heterosis 9.43%–23.75%. Compared with other three groups, heterosis on body weight of C(♀)×K(♂) group ranged from 4.09% to 34.96% since 150 days after fertilization. In contrast, the K(♀)×C(♂) group did not show positive heterosis except at Day 150. The K(♀)×C(♂) group showed the best resistance against V. splendidus, and the heterosis reached 26.21%. These results indicated that the crosses between different populations might be effective for genetic improvement in A. japonicus.