围填海吹填淤泥及悬浮物对天津海域海洋生物资源的急性毒性效应

Acute Toxic Effects of Reclamed Silt and Suspended Solids on Marine Organism Resources in Tianjin

中文关键词: 围填海  悬浮物  掩埋  海洋生物资源

英文关键词: Reclamation  Suspension  Bury  Marine organism resources

中文摘要:

      随着海洋开发活动的不断深入，天津围填海工程正在进一步加大。从2003-2012年，天津市海洋捕捞产量呈逐年下降的趋势，其中以2008年下降的最为严重，这也与2007年进行的大规模的围填海活动相吻合。本研究结合室内模拟实验，拟对围填海工程对底栖生物、浮游生物、鱼卵和仔稚鱼、游泳动物等海洋生物资源的影响进行研究。研究表明，(1) 吹填淤泥对毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)的掩埋实验结果显示，两种经济贝类被掩埋后均表现出垂直迁移行为。毛蚶比四角蛤蜊的垂直迁移能力弱。随着体长的增加，生物迁移能力增强；随着掩埋深度的增加，死亡率也逐渐增加。(2) 悬浮物对卤虫无节幼体的急性毒性实验表明，悬浮物溶液对卤虫无节幼体的96 h半致死浓度LC50为271 mg/L；安全浓度为27.1 mg/L。悬浮物对于生物的危害性随着时间的延长不断增加。(3) 悬浮物对两种经济鱼类的急性毒性实验表明，随着悬浮物暴露时间的延长，幼鱼对悬浮物的敏感性逐渐增强；水温可影响幼鱼对悬浮物的耐受能力，随着水温的升高，其耐受能力逐渐降低；生物品种不同，其对悬浮物的耐受能力亦有较大差异。

英文摘要:

      The growing reclamation projects in Tianjin have exerted impacts on the marine ecosystem. From 2003 to 2012 the fishery production in Tianjin underwent a continuous decline. The situation was the most severe in 2008, which coincided with the large-scale reclamation in 2007. In this study we performed indoor simulation experiment, and explored the impacts of reclamations on marine organism resources. The results were shown as below: (1) Scapharca subcrenata and Mactra veneriformis displayed a vertical migration after being buried. The larger body length, the stronger biological migration ability. The mortality increased along with the burial depth. (2) As for the acute toxicity of the suspended solution on Artemia nauplii, the 96 h LC50 was 271 mg/L and the safe concentration was 27.1 mg/L. Biohazards of suspension increased over the time. (3) Test on the acute toxicity of the suspension on two economic fish species suggested that susceptibility of the larvae was raised over the time. Water temperature also affected the tolerance of larvae to the toxic suspension. With water temperature rose the tolerance was gradually reduced. The tolerance to toxic suspension varied greatly between different species.