基于饵料及敌害生物的莱州湾中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)与三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)增殖基础分析

Analysis on the Reproduction of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Portunus trituberculatus Based on Their Food Sources and Predators in the Laizhou Bay of China

中文关键词: 中国对虾  三疣梭子蟹  CPUE  敌害  饵料  莱州湾

英文关键词: Fenneropenaeus chinensis  Portunus trituberculatus  CPUE  Predators  Food organism  Laizhou Bay

中文摘要:

      根据2011年及2013年6个航次的调查，结合历史资料，统计分析了莱州湾中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)及二者敌害生物单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch per unit fishing effort, CPUE)的长期变化，研究了目前二者的饵料生物密度以及饵料生物与敌害生物的数量分布。结果显示，目前中国对虾、三疣梭子蟹以及二者敌害生物的CPUE均呈历史低位水平。放流期间，莱州湾浮游植物饵料等级为Ⅴ级(很丰富)，底栖动物饵料等级为Ⅳ级(丰富)；中国对虾的饵料生物密度分别以莱州湾东北部(5月)和中东部(6月)最高，敌害生物密度分别以中西部(5月)和东南部(6月)最高；三疣梭子蟹的饵料生物密度均以莱州湾西南部和东北部最高，敌害生物密度分别以中西部(5月)和西北部(6月)最高。

英文摘要:

      In this study we analyzed the long-term variation of CPUE (catch per unit fishing effort) of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Portunus trituberculatus and their predators in the Laizhou Bay of China. We also investigated the density and distribution of their food organisms and predators. Data were collected from 6 surveys in 2011 and 2013 and from previous records. We found that the present CPUE of F. chinensis, P. trituberculatus and their predators all largely decreased. During the releasing period, the food rankings of phytoplankton and macrobenthic animals were Ⅴ (very rich) and Ⅳ (rich) respectively. The density of food organisms for F. chinensis was the highest in the Northeast of the Laizhou Bay in May and in the Middle East in June. The density of predators of F. chinensis was the highest in the Middle West in May and in the Southeast in June. In May and June the density of food organisms for P. trituberculatus was the highest in the Southwest and Northeast. The density of predators of P. trituberculatus was the highest in the Middle West in May and in the Northwest in June.