福宁湾浮游植物的群落结构特征

The Community Structure of the Phytoplankton in the Funing Bay

中文关键词: 福宁湾  浮游植物  群落结构  环境因子

英文关键词: Funing Bay  Phytoplankton  Community structure  Environmental factors

中文摘要:

      基于2011年12月(冬季)、2012年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)福宁湾浮游植物及环境因子的调查数据，对福宁湾浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、多样性的季节变化及其影响因素进行了分析。结果显示，鉴定到种的浮游植物共7门61属149种，硅藻门种类最多，其次是甲藻门。浮游植物种类数以冬季最多，其次是春季，夏季最少。优势种季节更替明显，冬季优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、柏氏角管藻(Cerataulina bergonii)、近缘黄丝藻(Tribonema affine)、琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)和刚毛根管藻(Rhizosolenia setigera)。春季优势种为夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、波状角藻(Ceratium trichoceros)、洛氏菱形藻(Nitzschia lorenziana)和艾希斜纹藻(Pleurosigma aestuarii)。夏季优势种为条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)和中肋骨条藻。浮游植物丰度为0.51×1041298.73×104个/m3，平均丰度为137.90×104个/m3。各季节浮游植物多样性指数(H)平均值为1.988，均匀度指数(J)平均值为0.473，其中春季多样性和均匀度较高，其次是夏季，冬季最低。冬季和夏季，浮游植物生物量与活性磷酸盐呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，春季，与活性磷酸盐呈显著负相关(P<0.05)，夏季丰度与化学耗氧量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，活性磷酸盐是福宁湾浮游植物生物量的限制因子。

英文摘要:

      The growth of the phytoplankton greatly depends on the productivity of the water, and the changes in the water environment can directly determine the community structure of the phytoplankton. Therefore the community structure can serve as an indicator of the productivity and the environment of the water. The recent seawall closing the Funing Bay reclamation project (Fujian Province, China) may have caused lots of changes in the environment and the productivity of the water, however, the reports are lacking. In this study, we collected data about the phytoplankton in the Funing Bay in December of 2011 and in May and August of 2012, and analyzed the seasonal variations in the species composition, the dominant species, the biodiversity and the related factors. There were 149 species identified which belonged to 7 Phylum and 61 Genus. The Phylum including most species was Bacillariophyta followed by Pyrrophyta. The number of observed phytoplankton species was the largest in winter, and the second largest was in spring and followed by summer. There was an obvious seasonal variation in the dominant species. Skeletonema costatum, Cerataulina bergonii, Tribonema affine, Coscinodiscus jonesianus, and Rhizosolenia setigera were the dominant species in winter. In spring, Noctiluca scintillans, Ceratium trichoceros, Nitzschia lorenziana and Pleurosigma aestuarii were the dominant species. Cyclotella striata and Skeletonema costatum were the dominant species in summer. The abundance of the phytoplankton was 0.51×104−1298.73×104 ind/m3, and the average abundance was 137.90×104 ind/m3. The average diversity index was 1.988. The average evenness index was 0.473. The highest diversity index and evenness index were both observed in spring, followed by summer and winter. There was a positive correlation (P<0.05) between active phosphate and the biomass of phytoplankton in winter and summer, but the correlation was negative (P<0.05) in spring. There was also a highly positive correlation between the abundance of the phytoplankton and the chemical oxygen demand (P<0.01). These results suggested that after the seawall was closed, there had been obvious changes in the biomass and the community structure of the phytoplankton in the Funing Bay, and active phosphate was the limiting factor.