不同投喂水平对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)生长、消化酶及免疫相关酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Ration Levels on Growth,Activities of Digestive Enzymes and Immunity-Related Enzymes in Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

中文关键词: 投喂水平  刺参  生长  消化酶  体成分

英文关键词: Ration level  Apostichopus japonicus Selenka  Growth  Digestive enzyme  Body composition

中文摘要:

      试验研究了饥饿、次饱食、饱食和过饱食4个不同投喂水平(即2%、3%、4%和5%体重)对刺参[初始体重为(5.80±0.02) g]生长性能、体成分、消化性能以及刺参体壁与体腔液内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性的影响。试验在室内静水养殖系统中进行，试验水温为19–21℃，为期60 d。结果显示，在次饱食水平下，刺参特定生长率达到最高，显著高于饥饿水平和过饱食水平(P<0.05)，但与饱食水平差异不显著(P>0.05)；刺参肠道胰蛋白酶活性均随着投喂水平的提高而升高，在过饱食水平下达到最高，显著高于饥饿水平和次饱食水平(P<0.05)，但与饱食水平差异不显著(P>0.05)；刺参肠道淀粉酶活性随着投喂水平的提高呈现先下降后保持稳定的趋势，在饱食水平之后达到稳定；在饱食水平下，刺参体壁和体腔液AKP、SOD及LZM活性均表现出较高水平，表明在饱食投喂水平下，刺参抗病能力最强；不同投喂水平对刺参体壁营养组成以及刺参脏壁比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此，建议刺参养殖采用饱食水平进行投喂。

英文摘要:

      In this study we investigated the growth performance, body composition, digestive performance and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM) in the body wall and coelomic fluid of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka with the initial weight of (5.80±0.02) g fed at four different ration levels. The experimental subjects were maintained at hunger, subsatiation, satiation and oversatiation levels being fed with 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% of their weight respectively. A 2-month growth experiment was carried out in the indoor static-water culture system, and the water temperature was between 19℃ and 21℃. It was found that the specific growth rate first increased and then decreased as the ration level changes. It was the highest at the subsatiation level, and was significantly higher than at hunger and oversatiation levels (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate between the subsatiation level and satiation level (P>0.05). The activity of trypsase in the intestines of Apostichopus japonicus was raised along with the increase in the ration level, and reached the highest at the oversatiation level. The activity at this level was higher than at the hunger and subsatiation levels (P<0.05), but not significantly different from the satiation level (P>0.05). Along with the increase in the ration level, the activity of amylase in the intestines was first decreased and then stabilized, and the highest activity of amylase appeared at the satiation level before leveling off. The activities of AKP, SOD and LZM in the body wall and the coelomic fluid also first increased followed by a decrease. The highest activities of these immunity-related enzymes all appeared at the satiation level. Because the activities of the immunity-related enzymes indicate the resistance to diseases, we deduced that A japonicas could be the most disease-resistant at the satiation level. There were no significant differences in the body composition and the viscera body wall ratio between different ration levels (P>0.05). Our results suggested that the optimal ration level should be satiation (4% of A japonicus weight in this study).