驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态观察

Developmental and Morphological Characteristics of Embryo, Larval,Juvenile, and Young Fish, Chromileptes altivelis

中文关键词: 驼背鲈  胚胎发育  仔稚幼鱼  形态观察

英文关键词: Chromileptes altivelis  Embryonic development  Larvae, juvenile and young fish  Mor¬phological observation

中文摘要:

      对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究，描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明，在水温25−26℃、盐度30的海水中，受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程，经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程；根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长，将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22−26℃、盐度29−31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下，2−3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失，开口摄食；生长发育至31 d，仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期；培育至57 d，稚鱼完成变态，成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。

英文摘要:

      Artificial breeding of Chromileptes altivelis is difficult to marine fishing, and related studies on C. altivelis are limited. The present study investigated the embryonic and morphological development of larval, juvenile and young fish of C. altivelis using microscope, anatomical lens and digital camera. The morphological features and the time of development stages were described. The results showed that the embryonic development of C. altivelis was divided into five stages: cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, and organogenesis stage. The embryonic development requires 27 h 25 min under the following condition in the sea water at 25−26℃ and salinity of 30. The post embryonic development of C. altivelis was divided into larval stage, juvenile stage and young fish stage based on the features of the yolk-sac, finfold, second dorsal fin spine, pelvic fin spine, scale, and body color. The larval stage was further classified into early larvae and late larvae based on the existence of the yolk-sac or not. The embryos developed into prelarvae in 2 days under water environment with temperature between 22 and 26℃, salinity between 29 and 31, DO≥5 mg/L. The yolk-sac of larvae disappeared and the postlarvae began at day 3. The larvae started to develop to juveniles at day 31. The juveniles completed metamorphosis and became young fish at day 57. The growth and configuration of the second spine of dorsal fin and the first spine of ventral fin were the most obvious changes during early development of C. altivelis. This study provides information for the propagation, seed culture and morphological identification of grouper fish.