4种常用消毒药物对棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)受精卵孵化的影响

Effects of Four Commonly-Used Disinfectants on the Hatching of Fertilized Eggs of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀)×E. lanceolatus (♂)

中文关键词: 棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)  受精卵  消毒剂  孵化率  畸形率

英文关键词: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(♀)×E. lanceolatus(♂)  Fertilized egg  Disinfectant  Hatching rate  Malformation rate

中文摘要:

      人工育苗中对受精卵进行消毒，可以很大程度上预防各种病原对受精卵的危害，防止病原体的垂直传播。但是，用化学药物消毒，总会对鱼的受精卵产生一定程度的毒害作用。因此，人工育苗中进行受精卵消毒处理时必须控制药物种类、药物浓度及消毒时间。本研究在(27.0±0.5)℃条件下，使用药物浸泡的方法，研究了4种常用水产消毒药物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼受精卵[棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)]孵化效果的影响。聚维酮碘、甲醛和二氧化氯的处理时间均为10 min，臭氧处理分1 min、2 min和3 min共3个梯度。使用SPSS 17.0软件对试验数据进行方差分析，结果表明，其受精卵的孵化率和畸形率与药物的浓度、处理时间呈负相关。甲醛和二氧化氯处理组与对照组的孵化率、畸形率差异显著；聚维酮碘处理组中25 mg/L、50 mg/L与75 mg/L各处理与对照组无差异，100 mg/L处理出现显著差异；臭氧处理组，0.3 mg/L处理中的各时间梯度间的孵化率和畸形率与对照组差异性不显著，0.5 mg/L、0.7 mg/L及1.0 mg/L处理中各时间梯度间差异极显著，0.5 mg/L处理2 min时，孵化率已极低，仅为4.14%，畸形率为50.00%。试验结果证明，在珍珠龙胆石斑鱼苗种生产中，其受精卵的适宜消毒药物、浓度范围及处理时间分别为：聚维酮碘20–70 mg/L处理10 min，臭氧0.3–0.5 mg/L处理1 min；二氧化氯、甲醛对受精卵刺激显著，而且对环境及人体有毒副作用，建议在生产中尽量不要使用。

英文摘要:

      Disinfection of fertilized egg may prevent many pathogens and their vertical transmission; however, the toxic effects of disinfectants also exist. Therefore, it is important to control the type of disinfectants, their concentrations, and disinfection time. The current study investigated four commonly- used disinfectants on the hatching effects of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(♀) × E. lanceolatus(♂) by bath method at (27±0.5)℃. Povidone-iodine, formaldehyde and chlorine dioxide treated for 10 min while Ozone treated for 1, 2 and 3 minutes respectively. The results indicated that the fertilized egg hatching and malformation rate were negatively associated with the concentrations of disinfectants and disinfection time. Formaldehyde and chlorine dioxide remarkably affected the hatching and malformation rate compared to those in the control group. Povidone-iodine had no effects on the hatching and malformation rate at 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L, but had significant effects at 100 mg/L. Ozone did not affect the hatching ability and malformations at 0.3 mg/L compared to the control group at all time points; and it had various influences at 0.5 mg/L, 0.7 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L of each time point. The hatching rate was extremely low (4.14%) and the deformity rate was 50.00% at 0.5 mg/L with 2-minute infection. These results suggest that the best condition for disinfection is as follows: povidone-iodine, 20–70 mg/L for 10 min; ozone, 0.3–0.5 mg/L for 1 min. Chlorine dioxide and formaldehyde are not recommended because of the side effects to the environment and humans.