叶尔羌高原鳅脑颅解剖鉴定分析

the Skull Anatomy of Triplophysa yarkandensis (Day)

中文关键词: 叶尔羌高原鳅  脑颅  解剖学

英文关键词: Triplophysa yarkandensis (Day)  Skull  Anatomy

中文摘要:

      为探究高原鳅属鱼类系统分类和进化研究，2010-2011年对塔里木河阿拉尔段采集的叶尔羌高原鳅样，用常规解剖方法取下其脑颅骨骼，并鉴定分析。结果发现，叶尔羌高原鳅脑颅背视呈狭长的类似等边三角形，前段犁骨左右两端突出，中间前筛骨呈球状突出，左右侧筛骨突出并弯曲向前，后端尤为明显扩大，分为4个区，分别为鼻区、眼区、耳区，枕区。其中，鼻区4块，眼区7块，耳区12块，枕区2块，25块骨头组成。同时将其与其他鱼类对比分析，叶尔羌高原鳅表现出与鲤形目鱼类相似，其脑颅骨骼中的翼耳骨发生了前移，基蝶骨未出现，无外枕骨，鳞骨退化，下颞窝1对，较小而浅，有其独特的进化特征和骨骼系统。

英文摘要:

      To explore the plateau fish classification and evolution,the skull anatomy of Triplophysa yarkandensis (Day) from the Tarim River of Alar was investigated by conventional methods . Four sections were found in the brain of T. yarkandensis (Day),including olfatory region, orbital region, otic region, and occipital region. Among them, the olfatory region contains 4 block, the orbital region contains 7 blocks, the otic region contains 12 pieces, and the occipital region contains 2 blocks, which come to 25 bones. Comparison was made between the skull of T. yarkandensis and other fishes. T. yarkandensis is similar to Cyprinidformes, and its wing skull bones in the pterotic moved forward, no basisphenoid, no exoccipital bone, with ssquamous bone degradation, and one pair of subtemporal fossas are smaller and shallow. T. yarkandensis has its own unique characteristics and evolution of the skeletal system.