温度调控对刺参夏眠期生长和体壁成分的影响

Effect of different temperature regime on growth and body wall composition of Apostichopus japonicas during aestivation

中文关键词: 刺参  养殖条件  体壁营养成分  生长状况

英文关键词: Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas  Breeding conditions  Body wall composition  Growth

中文摘要:

      将体重为65.26±4.37g的刺参分成3组（A组为室内低温养殖，B组为夏眠30d后室内低温养殖，C组为夏眠60d后室内低温养殖），在不同温度条件下养殖120d，期间多次取样分析和比较刺参生长状况和体壁成分的变化。刺参夏眠期体质量显著下降，夏眠后体重增加明显。A、B、C3组刺参的特定生长率分别为-0.03%/d、0.27%/d和0.32%/d，存活率分别为91.67%、71.43%和53.57%。说明低温度夏虽然不能促进生长，但成活率高。刺参体壁主要营养成分含量由高到低依次为水分、粗蛋白、灰分、总糖和粗脂肪。养殖30d后，夏眠组与室内低温组相比，粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量增加，水分、灰分和总糖含量减少。实验结束时，A、C两组刺参体壁各营养成分与实验开始时无显著性差异（P>0.05）；B组除粗脂肪含量显著低于实验开始时（P<0.05）外，其他体壁营养成分无显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究表明，高温季节低温饲育并不能解除所有刺参夏眠；刺参经历夏眠蛰伏后有一个体重快速增长期；刺参在体重快速增长的同时体壁营养成分含量无显著性变化。这些研究结果对刺参工厂化养殖有重要的指导意义。

英文摘要:

      To investigate the effect of low temperature treatment on growth and body wall composition of Apostichopus japonicus during aestivation, three groups of sea cucumbers (average body weight 65.26±4.37g) were cultured for 120d at different temperature regimes. Treatment A was cultured at low temperatures indoor throughout the experiment, while Treatments B and C were cultured at low temperatures indoor after aestivation for 30d and 60d, respectively. The sea cucumbers were sampled every 30 days during the experiment, and their growth and body wall composition were analyzed and compared. It was found that, the weight of sea cucumbers decreased significantly during aestivation, but increased significantly after aestivation. Low temperature treatment did prevent most of the sea cucumbers from aestivation, yet their growth performance was not as good as the other treatments. The specific growth rate of Treatments A, B and C were −0.03%/d, 0.27%/d and 0.32%/d, however, their survival rate were 91.67%, 71.43% and 53.57%, respectively. Although being cultured at low temperatures during aestivation season did not promote growth of the animals, it may contribute to higher survivorship. The nutritional components of sea cucumber body wall, ranking from high to low percentage, were moisture, crude protein, ash, total sugar and crude lipids. After being cultured for 30d, Treatments B and C showed higher contents of crude protein and crude lipids, but less moisture, ash and total sugar, compared to Treatment A. By the end of the experiment, Treatments A and C showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in body wall composition compared to their initial values; this was also found in Treatment B except its content of crude lipids, which was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the initial value. The results indicated that some of the sea cucumbers may still go aestivating despite low temperature treatment in summer; sea cucumbers generally show a rapid weight gain after aestivation, and this weight gain may not accompany significant change in body wall composition. This study would provide important data support for industrialized farming of sea cucumbers.